Alsean languages

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Alsean Yakonan
Geographic distribution:	Oregon
Genetic classification:	Oregon Coast Penutian ?  Alsean
Subdivisions:	Alsea Yaquina
Pre-contact distribution of Alsean languages

The Alsean (also Yakonan) language family consists of two closely related languages that were spoken along the central Oregon coast.

Contents 1 Family division 2 Sounds 2.1 Consonants 2.2 Vowels 3 Bibliography

[edit] Family division

Two languages:

1. Alsea (†)
2. Yaquina (also known as Yakwina, Yakona) (†)

Both of these languages are now extinct.

The name Alsea is derived from the Coosan name for them, alsí or alsí·, and Marys River Kalapuyan name for them, alsí·ya. Alsea was last recorded in 1942 from the last speaker, John Albert, by J. P. Harrington.

The name Yaquina is derived from the Alsean name for the Yaquina Bay and the Yaquina River region, yuqú·na. Yaquina was last recorded in 1884 by James Owen Dorsey.

Many consider Alsea and Yaquina to be dialects of one language. Others consider them to be two different languages (that are very closely related).

There may be a distant relationship between the Alsean languages, Siuslaw, and the Coosan languages. They may also be related to the Wintuan languages. Linguistic research is being carried out to determine if any of these relationships are valid—this research also is a part of a larger Penutian super-family hypothesis.

[edit] Sounds

[edit] Consonants

Alsean languages have 34 consonants:

		Bilabial	Alveolar		Post- alveolar	Velar		Uvular		Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	labial	plain	labial	plain	labial
Stop	plain	p	t			k	kʷ	q	qʷ
	glottalized	p’	t’			k’	k’ʷ	q’	q’ʷ	ʔ
Affricate	plain		ts
	glottalized		ts’	tɬ’
Nasal	plain	m	n
	glottalized	m’	n’
Fricative			s	ɬ	ʃ	x	xʷ	χ	χʷ	h	(hʷ)
Approximant	plain			l	j		w
	glottalized			l’	j’		w’

• The status of /hʷ/ is uncertain.
• /s/ is actually between alveolar and post-alveolar.

[edit] Vowels

This section requires expansion.

Alsean languages have both oral and nasal vowels.

[edit] Bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.