Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the two political entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the other being the Republika Srpska) has ten cantons or counties as the second-level units of local autonomy. They are called kantoni in Bosnian (singular Kanton), counties or županije in Croatian (sing. županija), and кантони in Serbian (sing. кантон).
The other political entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska, has a centralized government and is divided directly into 63 municipalities. The seven regions in which these municipalities are grouped have no governmental authority in terms of legislation or judiciary or even local self-management. Finally, the ethnically diverse Brčko District is a division of its own under the direct jurisdiction of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
[edit] Cantons
The Federation (of cantons or counties) of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created by the Bosniak-Croat Washington Agreement of 1994. Their present boundaries were defined by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The cantons or counties consist of municipalities (singular: općina, општина; plural: općine, општине).
A canton or a county has its own government headed by the Premier. The Premier has his own cabinet, and is assisted in his duties by various regional ministries, agencies, and cantonal or county services.
Five of the cantons or counties (Una-Sana, Tuzla, Zenica-Doboj, Bosnian Podrinje, and Sarajevo) have a Bosniak majority, three (Posavina, West Herzegovina, and West Bosnia) have Bosnian Croat majority, and two (Central Bosnia and Herzegovina-Neretva) are 'ethnically mixed', meaning there are special legislative procedures for protection of the constituent ethnic groups.
| No. | English name | Bosnian name | Croatian name | Main city | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | Una-Sana Canton or county | Unsko-sanski kanton | Unsko-sanska županija | Bihać | 4,125.0 |
| II. | Posavina Canton or county | Posavski kanton | Posavska županija | Orašje | 325.0 |
| III. | Tuzla Canton or county | Tuzlanski kanton | Tuzlanska županija | Tuzla | 2,649.0 |
| IV. | Zenica-Doboj Canton or county | Zeničko-dobojski kanton | Zeničko-dobojska županija | Zenica | 3,343.0 |
| V. | Bosnian Podrinje Canton or county | Bosansko-podrinjski kanton | Bosansko-podrinjska županija | Goražde | 504.6 |
| VI. | Central Bosnia Canton or county | Srednjobosanski kanton | Županija Središnja Bosna | Travnik | 3,189.0 |
| VII. | Herzegovina-Neretva Canton or county | Hercegovačko-neretvanski kanton | Hercegovačko-neretvanska županija | Mostar | 4,401.0 |
| VIII. | West Herzegovina Canton or county | Zapadnohercegovački kanton | Zapadnohercegovačka županija | Široki Brijeg | 1,362.0 |
| IX. | Sarajevo Canton or county | Kanton Sarajevo | Vrhbosanska županija or Sarajevska županija | Sarajevo | 1,276.9 |
| X. | Canton 10 or County 10 or West Bosnia Canton or Herzeg-Bosnian County | Kanton br. 10 or Zapadnobosanski kanton, Herceg-bosanski kanton | Županija br. 10 or Herceg-bosanska županija | Livno | 4,934.1 |
The previous name of Canton 10, Herzeg-Bosnian Canton (in Croatian: Županija Hercegbosanska), has been deemed unconstitutional, and Kanton 10 is the generally used name, despite of that ruling, the local authorities use the name which the local legislature passed.
Language Note: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian are constitutional languages in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian and Serbian cantonal names are the same, with Serbian being in Cyrillic. In Croatian, there are some differences, chiefly in the use of the term županija for "county"
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