Welcome to dextri.com on July 10 2009.
This is an internet experiment running to monitor browsing habbits of individuals through wikipedia contents.

Home automation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  (Redirected from Domotic)
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about automation within residences. For automation within commercial buildings, see Building automation.
 This article's tone or style may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (June 2009)

Home automation may designate an emerging practice of increased automation of household appliances and features in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic means that allow for things impracticable, overly expensive or simply not possible in recent past decades. The term may be used in contrast to the more mainstream "building automation," which refers to industrial settings and the automatic or semi-automatic control of lighting, climate doors and windows, and security and surveillance systems. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of home entertainment systems, houseplant watering, pet feeding[1], "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic robots.

Typically, it is easier to more fully outfit a house during construction due to the accessibility of the walls, outlets, and storage rooms, and the ability to make design changes specifically to accommodate certain technologies. Wireless systems are commonly installed when outfitting a pre-existing house, as they obviate the need to make major structural changes. These communicate via radio or infrared signals with a central controller.

Contents

[edit] Home wiring History

Traditionally, homes have been wired for four things; power, telephones, cable TV outlets, and a doorbell.

Typically, components and wiring are kept within a closet and/or patch panels.

Patch panel
CAT6 twisted pairs

Home automation has been around since WWI. In fact, a television remote was patented in 1893. A remote was first used by the Germans in WWI to control motorboats.[2] From there, the evolution of controllers and automation has been growing and still continue to grow to this day.

[edit] Standards and bridges

Specific domestic standards include INSTEON, X10, PLC BUS, KNX (standard), System Box, LonWorks, C-Bus, SCS BUS with OpenWebNet, Universal powerline bus (UPB), UPnP, ZigBee and Z-Wave that will allow for control of most applications. Some standards use communication and control wiring, some embed signals in the powerline, some use radio frequency (RF) signals, and some use a combination of several methods. Control wiring is hardest to retrofit into an existing house. Some appliances include USB that is used to control it and connect it to a domotics network. Bridges translate information from one standard to another (eg. from X10 to European Installation Bus).

Technology Transmission medium Transmission speed Maximum distance to the device
Ethernet Unshielded twisted pair 10 Mbit/s – 1 Gbit/s 100 m
Optical Fiber 1 Gbit/s – 10 Gbit/s 2 km – 15 km
HomePlug Electrical wiring 14 Mbit/s - 200 Mbit/s 200 m
Universal Powerline Association Electrical wiring 200 Mbit/s 200 m
ITU-T G.hn Electrical wiring/Telephone line/coaxial cable up to 1 Gbit/s N/A
HomePNA Telephone line 10 Mbit/s 300 m
Wi-Fi / IEEE 802.11 Radio frequency 11 Mbit/s – 248 Mbit/s 30 m – 100 m
FireWire / IEEE 1394 Unshielded twisted pair / Optical fiber 400 Mbit/s – 3.2 Gbit/s 4.5 m – 70 m
Bluetooth Radio frequency 1 Mbit/s – 10 Mbit/s 10 m – 100 m
IRDA Infrared 9600 bit/s – 4 Mbit/s 2 m
C-Bus / C-Bus (protocol) Twisted pair / Electrical wiring / Radio frequency / Infrared / Ethernet / Wi-Fi 1200 bit/s – 9600 bit/s 1000 m
LonWorks Twisted pair / Electrical wiring / Radio frequency / Coaxial 1.70 kbit/s – 1.28 Mbit/s 1500 m – 2700 m
INSTEON Electrical wiring + Wireless 1.2 kbit/s 1,000 m+ (Electrical wiring), 50 m+ (Wireless)
X10 Electrical wiring 50 bit/s – 60 bit/s
European Installation Bus / KNX Twisted pair / Electrical wiring / Radio frequency / Infrared / Ethernet 1200 bit/s – 9600 bit/s 300 m – 1000 m
EHS Twisted pair / Electrical wiring 2.4 kbit/s – 48 kbit/s
Batibus Twisted pair 4800 bit/s 200 m – 1500 m
Zigbee[3] Radio frequency 20 kbit/s – 250 kbit/s 10 m – 75 m
Z-Wave Radio frequency 9.6 kbit/s – 40 kbit/s 1 m – 75 m
USB Twisted pair 12 Mbit/s – 480 Mbit/s 5 m

[edit] Effects

In extreme installations, rooms can sense not only the presence of a person but know who that person is and perhaps set appropriate lighting, temperature and music/TV taking into account day of week, time of day, and other factors.

Other automated tasks may include setting the air conditioning to an energy saving setting when the house is unoccupied, and restoring the normal setting when an occupant is about to return. More sophisticated systems can maintain an inventory of products, recording their usage through an RFID tag, and prepare a shopping list or even automatically order replacements.

Some practical implementations of home automation are for example when an alarm detects a fire or smoke condition, then all lights in the house will blink to alert occupants. If the house is equipped with a home theater, a home automation system can shut down all audio and video components to alert the user to a possible fire or a burglar.

[edit] System

The elements of a domotics system are:

[edit] Architecture

From the point of view of where the intelligence of the domotic system resides, there are three different architectures:

Centralized Architecture: a centralized controller receives information of multiple sensors and, once processed, generates the opportune orders for the actuators.

Distributed Architecture: all the intelligence of the system is distributed by all the modules that are sensors or actuators. Usually it is typical of the systems of wiring in bus.

Mixed Architecture: systems with decentralized architecture as far as which they have several small devices able to acquire and to process the information of multiple sensors and to transmit them to the rest of devices distributed by the house.

[edit] Interconnection

By wire:

  1. optical fiber
  2. cable (coaxial and twisted pair), including:
    xDSL
  3. powerline, including:
    INSTEON
    X10

Wireless:

  1. radio frequency, including:
    INSTEON
    Wi-Fi
    GPRS and UMTS
    Bluetooth
    DECT
    ZigBee
    Z-Wave
    ONE-NET
    EnOcean
  2. infrared, including:
    Consumer IR

Both Wireless and Wire

  1. INSTEON

[edit] Classifications of Domestic Net Technologies

[edit] Tasks

[edit] HVAC

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) solutions include temperature and humidity control (climotics).

HVAC, is one of the most important aspects to a homeowner and to his/ or her smart home. Having a computer network installed at your home or business lets you do you much more than simply surf the Web. An Internet-controlled thermostat, for example, can both save you money and help the environment, by allowing you to control the building's heating and air conditioning systems while the consumer is away.

[edit] Lighting

Lighting control systems involves aspects related to controlling electric lights.

  • Extinguished general of all the lights of the house
  • Automation of switched off / ignition in every point of light
  • Regulation of the illumination according to the level of ambient luminosity.

Lutron Lighting has products that can be used in many applications. This includes; movies, meal times, wake up/ sleep times, entertainment, and even clean up mode. Users and control system lights from a tabletop master control, a wireless controller, or from individual wall dimmers. Schedule landscape lighting to automatically turn on at dusk. Lighting control can change room ambience, save energy by making use of a room’s natural light. [4]

[edit] Natural lighting

Natural lighting control involves controlling window shades, LCD shades, draperies and awnings. Recent advances include use of RF technology to avoid wiring to switches and integration with third party home automation systems for centralized control.

[edit] Audio

Major companies associated with Audio Distribution include: Crestron, Russound, NuVo, and Niles.

  • There are three components that allow the consumer to listen to audio throughout your home, or business:
    • CAT 5e/ CAT6 cable from Audio central unit.
    • 2 sets of speaker cabling (4ply from amplifier, and 2 ply from key pad to ceiling or wall speakers).
    • A keypad to control your volume and sources.

This category includes audio switching and distribution. Audio switching determines the selection of an audio source. Audio distribution allows an audio source to be heard in one or more rooms. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' audio.

[edit] Video

This includes video switching and distribution, allowing a video source to be viewed on multiple TVs. This feature is often referred to as 'multi-zone' video.

Integration of the intercom to the telephone, or of the video door entry system to the television set, allowing the residents to view the door camera automatically.

[edit] Security

Control and integration of security systems.

With Home Automation, the consumer can select and watch cameras live from an Internet source to your home or business. Monitor a front door or gate; watch people by a swimming pool; or check on someone in a room. You can control security cameras and watch what's going on around a house or business right from a Monitor or touch panel.[5]. Security systems include motion sensors that will detect any kind of unauthorized movement and notify you through the security system or via cell phone.

This category also includes control and distribution of security cameras (see surveillance).

[edit] Intercoms

An intercom system allows communication via a microphone and loud speaker between multiple rooms.

  • Ubiquity in the external control as much internal, remote control from the Internet, PC, wireless controls (p.ej. PDA with WiFi), electrical equipment.
  • Transmission of alarms.
  • Intercommunications.

[edit] Robotics

  • Control of home robots, using if necessary domotic electric beacon.
  • Home robot communication (i.e. using WiFi) with the domotic network and other home robots.

[edit] Costs

  • An automated home can be a very simple grouping of controls, or it can be an automation extravaganza where just about anything that is plugged into electrical power is remotely controlled. While there is no way to know what the consumer wants, their only limit to a smart home is his or her budget. Costs mainly include; equipment, components, furniture, and custom installation.[6]

[edit] Other systems

Using special hardware, almost any device can be monitored and controlled automatically or remotely.

Including:

  • Coffee pot
  • Garage door(s)
  • Pet feeding and watering
  • Plant watering
  • Pool pump(s) and heater, Hot tub and Spa
  • Sump Pump (need info and links)

[edit] Organizations

[edit] See also

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Home automation

[edit] References

  1. ^ [1], automatic pet feeding.
  2. ^ [2], Remote control technology was first developed for military use.
  3. ^ [3], Zigbee.
  4. ^ [4], Lutron Lighting Inc..
  5. ^ [5],
  6. ^ [6], home theater, and automation costs.

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_automation"
Personal tools
Visit joltnews for the latest headlines
Visit bloit.com for company information
Geed Media does computer consulting on long island.
This page viewed times. See Logs