List of marjas
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This article provides the list of marja taqlid (supreme legal authorities) since 1900, both current and deceased, followed by Twelver (also known as Imami or Ja'fari) Shia Islam around the world. The concept of Marja taqlid (lit. source of emulation) is central to Shi'a Islam [1] . Marja taqlids provide religious interpretations on matters of law and rituals. [2][3] Ideally, the most just and knowledgeable specialist in the field of the Islamic law should become recognized throughout the Muslim world as the marja taqlid. In practice however this rarely happens and there are several marja taqlid's among whom an individual is free to choose and emulate. [3][2]
Those clerics who reach the apex in the hirerachy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learning become Marja taqlids.[2][4] Since around 1940, Marja taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of ayatollah al-`uzma (Grand Ayatollah).[2] Among the functionality of Marja taqlids is the collection and distribution of religious taxes (zakat and khums).[2][3]
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[edit] Current
Note: The list contains those Ayatollahs who have published a resalah, regardless the number of followers they have. The general consensus on the standard by which a believer chooses the marja he/she wishes to follow requires (among other things) that the marja be the most knowledgeable shi'i mujtahid in all fields. However, the assessment of most knowledgeable scholar is subjective among experts in the field. The names are ordered alphabetically. See also: List of Ayatollahs
[edit] Deceased
Note: The names are ordered by date of death (descending) as an arbitrary standard.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-ithna-ashari2.htm
- ^ a b c d e Lara Deeb, An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon, Princeton University Press, pp.69-70
- ^ a b c Michael W. Suleiman,Arabs in America: Building a New Future, p.55, Temple University Press
- ^ Linda S. Walbridge, The Most Learned of the Shiʻa: The Institution of the Marjaʻ Taqlid, Oxford University Press, p.217
- ^ مواقـع رجال الديــــن The Biography of Current Marjas - in Arabic
- ^ Seyed Reza Hosseini Nassab
