Hans Hofmann

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Hans Hofmann
'The Gate', 1959-1960, collection: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Born	March 21, 1880(1880-03-21) Weißenburg, Bavaria, Germany
Died	February 17, 1966 (aged 85)
Nationality	German-American
Field	Painting
Movement	Abstract Expressionism
Influenced by	Henri Matisse, Robert Delaunay
Influenced	Lee Krasner, Clement Greenberg, Helen Frankenthaler, Larry Rivers

Hans Hofmann (March 21, 1880 – February 17, 1966) was a German-born American abstract expressionist painter. He was born in Weißenburg, Bavaria on March 21, 1880 the son of Theodor and Franziska Hofmann. In 1932 he immigrated to the United States, where he resided until the end of his life.

Contents 1 Paintings 2 Teaching and writing 3 Collections 4 Hofmann Estate 5 See also 6 References 7 Sources 8 External links

[edit] Paintings

According to the Hofmann biography at the Tate Gallery website ^[1], Hofmann's work is distinguished by "a rigorous concern with pictorial structure, spatial illusion, and color relationships."

The Guggenheim Collection's information on Hofmann states that his "completely abstract works date from the 1940s" ^[2]. Hofmann believed that abstract art was a way to get at what was really important. He famously stated that "the ability to simplify means to eliminate the unnecessary so that the necessary may speak." ^[3]

[edit] Teaching and writing

Hofmann was renowned not only as an artist but as a teacher of art, both in his native Germany and later in the U.S. In Munich he founded an art school, where Louise Nevelson, Wolfgang Paalen, Worth Rider^[4] and Alfred Jensen, were among his students. He closed this school in 1932, the year he immigrated to the U.S.

In America, he initially taught a summer session at the University of California, Berkeley in 1930, after which he returned to Munich. In 1931 he taught another summer session at the University of California, Berkeley and a semester at the Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles before again returning to Germany. ^{[5] [6]} After Hofmann relocated to New York City he began teaching in 1933 at the Art Students League of New York. Leaving the League in the mid 1930s Hofmann opened his own schools in New York and later in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Many famous or notable artists, especially some who could generally be classified as abstract expressionists, studied with Hofmann in New York and Provincetown. These distinguished alumni included: Lee Krasner, Helen Frankenthaler, Gerome Kamrowski, Joseph Plaskett, William Ronald, Joan Mitchell, Michael Goldberg, Ray Eames, Larry Rivers, Jane Frank, Nell Blaine, Robert de Niro, Sr., Jane Freilicher, Allan Kaprow, Red Grooms, Wolf Kahn, Marisol Escobar, Nicholas Krushenick, Burgoyne Diller, Mercedes Matter, James Gahagan, Erle Loran, Louisa Matthíasdóttir, Judith Godwin, Lynne Mapp Drexler, and Donald Jarvis.

In 1958, Hofmann closed his schools in order to devote himself exclusively to his own creative work. Hofmann is a painter and theorist of particular appeal to other artists. American painter Walter Darby Bannard ^[7] and British artist John Hoyland ^[8] both have been involved in curating retrospectives of Hofmann's work.

Also prominent as a writer on modern art, Hofmann authored an influential book (sometimes referred to and anthologized as an "essay"), Search for the Real, in which he discussed his push/pull spatial theories, his reverence for nature as a source for art, his conviction that art has spiritual value, and his philosophy of art in general. Hofmann is especially noteworthy as a theorist of the medium who argued that "each medium of expression has its own order of being," "color is a plastic means of creating intervals," and "any line placed on the canvas is already the fifth."

[edit] Collections

Hans Hofmann's works are in the permanent collections of many major museums in the United States and throughout the world, including the UC Berkeley Art Museum, New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Whitney Museum, the Museum of Modern Art (New York), the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Boston's Museum of Fine Arts, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Seattle Art Museum, the Dayton Art Institute, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Baltimore Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Honolulu Academy of Arts, the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus (Munich), the Museu d'Art Contemporani, (Barcelona), and the Tate Gallery (London). In addition to these collections, he also designed a colorful mural located outside the entrance of the High School of Graphic Communication Arts located in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. ^[9]

[edit] Hofmann Estate

When Hans Hofmann died on February 17, 1966, his widow, Renate Hofmann managed his Estate.

After Renate's death in 1992, the New York Daily News published an article titled, "From Caviar to Cat Food," which detailed the "sad and tortuous story" of Hofmann's widow. The article contended that Renate's court appointed guardians "milk[ed] the Estate for more than a decade" and allowed the mentally unstable Renate to live "with her cats and liquor in a garbage-strewn oceanfront home."^[10]

Under threat of prosecution, the original executor of the Hofmann Estate, Robert Warshaw, was successful in having the neglectful guardians pay $8.7 million dollars to the Estate for "extraordinary conscious pain and suffering."^[11]

Under the will of Renate Hofmann, The Renate, Hans and Maria Hofmann Trust was formally created with Robert Warshaw at its head. The mission of the Trust is "to promote the study and understanding of Hans Hofmann's extraordinary life and works" and to accomplish these goals "through exhibitions, publications and educational activities and programs focusing on Hans Hofmann"^[12] as well as forthcoming catalogue raisonné of Hofmann's paintings.^[13]. The U.S. copyright representative for the Renate, Hans and Maria Hofmann Trust is the Artists Rights Society^[14].

[edit] See also

• Abstract expressionism
• Abstract art
• Modernism
• Western painting
• Art theory (aesthetics)
• Clarence Holbrook Carter (studied with Hofmann in the summer of 1927)
• James Gahagan

[edit] References

[edit] Sources

• Chipp, Herschel B.. Theories of modern art; a source book by artists and critics (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1968)
• Greenberg, Clement. Hofmann (Paris, Editions Georges Fall, 1961).
• Hofmann, Hans; Sara T Weeks; Bartlett H Hayes; Addison Gallery of American Art; Search for the real, and other essays (Cambridge, Mass., M.I.T. Press, 1967) OCLC 1125858
• Tapié, Michel. Hans Hofmann : peintures 1962 : 23 avril-18 mai 1963. (Paris: Galerie Anderson-Mayer, 1963.) [exhibition catalogue and commentary] OCLC: 62515192
• Marika Herskovic, American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey, (New York School Press, 2003.) ISBN 0-9677994-1-4
• Marika Herskovic, New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists, (New York School Press, 2000.) ISBN 0-9677994-0-6

[edit] External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Hans Hofmann

• Hanshofmann.net
• COLOR IMAGE of a 1959 Hofmann work at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
• The Estate of Hans Hofmann
• Hans Hofmann Biography: Guggenheim Collection (New York)
• Hans Hofmann Biography: Tate Collection (Tate Gallery, London)
• Hans Hofmann Biography: PBS.org
• Information on Hans Hofmann: Askart.com
• PBS interactive pages on Hans Hofmann's "push/pull" theory
• Hans Hofmann papers at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art