Demographics of Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the demographic features of the population of Indonesia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Indonesia's 238 million people make it the world's fourth-most populous nation ( after China,India and USA ). The island of Java is one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with more than 130 million people living in an area the size of Greece.
Indonesia includes numerous related but distinct cultural and linguistic groups. Since independence, Indonesian (a form of Malay and official national language) is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local ethnic languages are the first language of most Indonesians and still important.
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[edit] List of Indonesian provinces' population
| Province | Population | In Cities (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam | 3,930,905 | 23.6 |
| North Sumatra | 11,649,655 | 42.4 |
| West Sumatra | 4,248,931 | 29.0 |
| Riau | 4,947,971 | 43.7 |
| Jambi | 2,413,846 | 28.3 |
| South Sumatra | 6,899,675 | 34.4 |
| Bengkulu | 1,567,432 | 29.4 |
| Lampung | 6,741,439 | 21.0 |
| Bangka Belitung | 900,197 | 43.0 |
| Banten | 8,098,780 | 52.2 |
| Jakarta | 8,389,443 | 100.0 |
| West Java | 35,729,537 | 50.3 |
| Central Java | 31,228,940 | 40.4 |
| Yogyakarta | 3,122,268 | 57.7 |
| East Java | 34,783,640 | 40.9 |
| Bali | 3,151,162 | 49.8 |
| West Nusa Tenggara | 4,009,261 | 34.8 |
| East Nusa Tenggara | 3,952,279 | 15.9 |
| West Kalimantan | 4,034,198 | 25.1 |
| Central Kalimantan | 1,857,000 | 27.5 |
| South Kalimantan | 2,985,240 | 36.3 |
| East Kalimantan | 2,455,120 | 57.6 |
| North Sulawesi | 2,012,098 | 37.0 |
| Gorontalo | 835,044 | 25.5 |
| Central Sulawesi | 2,218,435 | 19.7 |
| South Sulawesi | 8,059,627 | 29.4 |
| Southeast Sulawesi | 1,821,284 | 20.8 |
| Maluku | 1,205,539 | 25.9 |
| North Maluku | 785,059 | 29.5 |
| Papua | 2,220,934 | 22.2 |
[edit] Ethnic groups
There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to Austronesian linguistic family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua, speak Papuan languages. According to official estimates, there are nearly 2 million ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. Some estimates, however, put the number of ethnic Chinese at roughly 8 million[citation needed], claiming a large undercount due to widespread reluctance to self-identify as Chinese}. Some of these Indonesians of Chinese descent speak various Chinese dialects, most notably Hokkian and Hakka. The Chinese Indonesian population makes up about 3 % of the total Indonesian population.[citation needed]
The proportional populations of Indonesian ethnic groups according to the (2000 census) is as follows:
| Ethnic groups | Population (millions) | Percentage | Main Regions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Javanese | 86.012 | 41.7 | East Java, Central Java, Lampung |
| Sundanese | 31.765 | 15.4 | West Java |
| Malay | 7.013 | 3.4 | Sumatra eastern coast, West Kalimantan |
| Madurese | 6.807 | 3.3 | Madura island |
| Batak | 6.188 | 3.0 | North Sumatra |
| Minangkabau | 5.569 | 2.7 | Central Sumatra |
| Betawi | 5.157 | 2.5 | Jakarta |
| Buginese | 5.157 | 2.5 | South Sulawesi |
| Bantenese | 4.331 | 2.1 | Banten |
| Banjarese | 3.506 | 1.7 | South Kalimantan |
| Balinese | 3.094 | 1.5 | Bali island |
| Sasak | 2.681 | 1.3 | Lombok island |
| Makassarese | 2.063 | 1.0 | South Sulawesi |
| Cirebon | 1.856 | 0.9 | West Java |
| Chinese | 1.850 | 0.9 | Jakarta, West Kalimantan, North Sumatra |
The regions of Indonesia and some of their indigenous ethnic groups are as follows. Note however that due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions.
- Java: Javanese, Sundanese, Bantenese, Betawi, Tengger, Osing, Badui
- Madura: Madurese
- Sumatra: Malays, Batak, Minangkabau, Acehnese, Lampung, Kubu
- Kalimantan: Dayak, Banjar
- Sulawesi: Makassarese, Buginese, Mandar, Minahasa, Gorontalo, Toraja, Bajau
- Lesser Sunda Islands: Balinese, Sasak
- The Moluccas: Nuaulu, Manusela
- Papua: Dani, Bauzi, Asmat
Additionally, there are other smaller groups reminiscent of Indonesian demographic dynamics from colonial era, such as Arab Indonesian, Indian Indonesian, and Eurasian Indonesian. The latter presumably has literally diminished as an ethnic group since major emmigration from Indonesia after the World War II.
[edit] Religions
Although it is not an Islamic state, Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, with almost 86.1% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 census.[1] 8.7% of the population is Christian,[2] 3% are Hindu, and 1.8% Buddhist or other. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese,[3] and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese.[4]
[edit] Languages
Indonesian is the official national language, but there are many different languages native to Indonesia. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 living languages [5] the most widely spoken of which is Javanese.
A number of Chinese dialects, most prominently Min Nan, are also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese characters, was officially discouraged between 1966 and 1998.
[edit] Literacy
definition: age 15 and over and can read and write
total population: 87.9%
male: 92.5%
female: 83.4% (2005 est.)
Education is not free; however, it is compulsory for children through to grade 9. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.
[edit] Demographic statistics from the CIA World Factbook
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.
[edit] Population
- 237,512,355 (July 2008 est.)
[edit] Age structure
- 0-14 years: 28.4% (male 34,343,198/female 33,175,135)
- 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 78,330,830/female 77,812,339)
- 65 years and over: 5.8% (male 6,151,305/female 7,699,548) (2008 est.)
[edit] Population growth rate
- 1.175% (2008 est.)
[edit] Birth rate
- 19.24 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
[edit] Death rate
- 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
[edit] Net migration rate
- -1.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
[edit] Gender ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
- total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
[edit] Infant mortality rate
- total: 31.04 deaths/1,000 live births
- male: 36.14 deaths/1,000 live births
- female: 25.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
[edit] Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 70.46 years
- male: 67.98 years
- female: 73.07 years (2008 est.)
[edit] Total fertility rate
- 2.34 children born/woman (2008 est.)
[edit] Nationality
- noun: Indonesian(s)
- adjective: Indonesian
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "Indonesia - The World Factbook". https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html.
- ^ of which roughly two-thirds are Protestant
- ^ Oey, Eric (1997), Bali (3rd ed.), Singapore: Periplus Editions, ISBN 962-593-028-0
- ^ "Indonesia - Buddhism". U.S. Library of Congress. http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/40.htm. Retrieved on 2006-10-15.
- ^ ethnologue.com
[edit] External links
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