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Islamic view of Abraham

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"Ibrāhīm" redirects here. For other meanings, see Ibrahim (disambiguation).
"Ibrāhīm" redirects here. For other meanings, see Ibrahim.

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Ibrāhīm (Arabic: ابراهيم, Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם) , the biblical patriarch Abraham (circa born between 1900 BC to 1861 BC – died between 1814 BC to 1716 BC), is an important prophet in Islam. He is the son of Tarekh and the father of the Prophet Ismail (Ishmael), his firstborn son. Ibrahim is considered the Father of the Prophets. Ibrahim is commonly termed Khalil Allah, or "Friend of God" or "Braheem".

Islam regards many of the biblical patriarchs as prophets of Allah, and hence as Muslims (i.e., monotheists). Ibrahim is regarded as a Hanif (meaning a discoverer of monotheism without being taught by a messenger).

Because of their mutual veneration for Abraham, Islam, Christianity and Judaism are sometimes summarized under the term "Abrahamic religions".

Contents

[edit] Commemoration of Ibrahim

The faith of Ibrahim is called Millat-e-Ibrahim in the Qur'an. Muslims believe that Ibrahim is a prophet of God, in accordance with the narrative of his life in the Qur'an. Ibrahim and his son Ismail are said to have fixed the Kaaba in Mecca. (Qur'an 2:125). Ibrahim also has an important role in one of the Pillars of Islam, the Hajj, which is a pilgrimage to the Holy city of Makkah and the Grand Mosque. The principal aspect of the Hajj is remembering God's test of Ibrahim where he was asked to sacrifice his first-born son Ismail. Also remembered is his path to the altar where Iblis (Satan) attempted to dissuade him three times. Those places where Satan appeared are marked with three symbolic pillars where pilgrims throw stones. Moreover a part of the Hajj is a commemoration of the sacrifice and efforts of the wife of Ibrahim - Hajre (Hagar), to find water in the desert for her son Ismail, when he was near death with thirst. She ran between the two hills, Safa and Marwa, seven times in search of help. This ritual, known as Saaee in Arabic (means Seeking/searching), is mandatory for all pilgrims to Mecca. On her fourth time on Mount Marwa (completing seven runs between the two mountains), Hajre saw the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) sheltering her son Ismail from the sun as a spring of water emerged from beneath his feet. That spring became the basis of founding the city of Mecca, since fresh water was scarce in that barren land, and many tribes settled around there. The water from this spring, known to Muslims as Zam Zam, is still running and has been for thousands of years since this event took place.

The importance of Ibrahim in Islamic tradition is also demonstrated in the five daily prayers of Muslims. Aside from Muhammad, Ibrahim is the only other prophet of God who is mentioned by name four times in each of the five daily prayers that Muslims perform. This is done during the Durood recitation of the prayer where Muslims send their blessings to the prophet.

[edit] Ibrahim in the Qur'an

There are numerous references to Ibrahim in the Qur'an. According to the Qur'an, Ibrahim is the spiritual father of all the believers. He is mentioned as an upright person who was neither a polytheist nor a Christian or a Jew (Qur'an 3:67). An example is like the one below:

O ye who believe! Bow down and prostrate yourselves, and worship your Lord, and do good, that haply ye may prosper And strive for Allah with the endeavor which is His right. He hath chosen you and hath not laid upon you in religion any hardship; the faith of your father Ibrahim (is yours). He hath named you Muslims of old time and in this (Scripture), that the messenger may be a witness against you, and that ye may be witnesses against mankind. So establish worship, pay the poor due, and hold fast to Allah. He is your Protecting Friend. A blessed Patron and a blessed Helper. (Qur'an 22:78)

According to the Qur'an, Ibrahim reached the conclusion that anything subject to disappearance could not be worthy of worship, and thus became a monotheist (Qura'n 6:76–83). Some Sunni Muslims — like Jews — believe that Azar who was an idol-maker was the father of Ibrahim and some Sunnis and Shias believe that Tarakh was his father and Azar was Ibrahim's uncle (Father of Ibrahim). One should recognise the word Ab is used in the Quran not only to denote somebody's father but other close family relations too. For example,

Ibrahim broke Azar's idols and all inside the King's Temple, calling on his community to worship God instead. After his victory in a debate with the King that polytheist (while Ibrahim says that his God is the one that rise the Sun from East and challenge the King with his Gods to do the opposite), they then cast him into a fire, which miraculously failed to burn him (Qur'an 37:83–98). The well-known but non-canonical Qisas al-Anbiya (Ibn Kathir) records many more details of his life, which are commonly referred to in Islamic accounts.

[edit] The sacrifice

Traditionally, Muslims believe that it was Ishmael rather than Isaac whom Ibrahim was told to sacrifice. In support of this, Muslims note that the text of Genesis, despite specifying Isaac, appears to state that Ibrahim was told to sacrifice his only son ("Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, even Isaac" Genesis/Bereshit 22:2) to God. Since Isaac was Ibrahim's second son, it is arguable there was no time at which he would have been Ibrahim's "only son", and that this supports the Muslim belief that there was an original text that must have named Ishmael rather than Isaac as the intended sacrifice.

Muslims believe Ibrahim's dream was a test from God and a payment for a 'promises' that Ibrahim made after sacrificing so may offerings for God sake;while that time, after praised by so many Human and Angels, he stated if it's for the sake of God, even his own child will be offered, and God count that words as a 'Promises' Ibrahim must paid. When Ibrahim told his dream to Ismail, it was Ismail who convinced Ibrahim to fulfill God's order. So this was a test for both Ibrahim, who had longed for a son for such a long time, and for Ismail. Shayṭān (Satan in English) appeared before Ibrahim and Ismail to try and deceive them. Ibrahim and Ismail threw stones at Shayṭān as a response. This is commemorated during the jumrah, one of the rites undertaken by Muslims making the required pilgrimage to Mecca. As Shaytaan had failed to deceive Ibrahim and Ismail, he went to Ibrahim's wife, and mother of Ismail, Hajar. When he told her what had happened she did not believe him, but when he told her that Ibrahim believed he was carrying out God's will, Hajar said: "If it is God's will, let what God wills be done". Their faith had overcome Shaytaan and in the end, God stopped Ibrahim and gave him a sheep to slaughter instead.

The entire episode of the sacrifice is regarded as a trial that Ibrahim had to face from God. It is celebrated by Muslims on the day of Eid ul-Adha.

[edit] References in the Qur'an

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Abraham"
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