Kent, Ohio

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Kent
—  City  —
City of Kent, Ohio
Downtown Kent in winter, December 2006.
Seal
Nickname(s): The Tree City
Location within Portage County
Kent Location within the state of Ohio.
Coordinates: 41°9′2″N 81°21′40″W / 41.15056°N 81.36111°W / 41.15056; -81.36111Coordinates: 41°9′2″N 81°21′40″W / 41.15056°N 81.36111°W / 41.15056; -81.36111
Country	United States
State	Ohio
County	Portage
Founded	1805
Incorporated	1867
Founder	John Haymaker
Named for	Marvin Kent
Government
- Type	Council-Manager
- City manager	Dave Ruller
- Mayor	John Fender
Area
- Total	8.7 sq mi (22.6 km2)
- Land	8.7 sq mi (22.5 km2)
- Water	0.0 sq mi (0.1 km2)
Elevation	1,066 ft (325 m)
Population (2007)
- Total	28,253
- Density	3,211.3/sq mi (1,239.9/km2)
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes	44240, 44242, 44243
Area code(s)	330, 234
Twin Cities
- Dudince	Slovakia
FIPS code	39-39872[1]
GNIS feature ID	1064928[2]
Website	http://www.kentohio.org/

Kent is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the Cuyahoga River in the northeastern part of Ohio and the western edge of Portage County. Part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, Kent was originally settled in 1805, and first developed as two separate villages: Franklin (later Franklin Mills) and Carthage, which eventually grew into Franklin Mills. The village would develop first due to the potential for gristmills along the Cuyahoga River and later as a stop on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal in the 1830s and 1840s. Leading up to the American Civil War, Franklin Mills was noted for its activity in the Underground Railroad. With the decline of the canal and the emergence of the railroad the village became the home of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad shops, which ultimately led to the village being renamed Kent in 1864 after railroad owner Marvin Kent. Today Kent is a college town known mostly for being home to the main campus of Kent State University, founded in 1910.

The population was 27,906 at the 2000 census and 28,253 in the 2007 estimate,^[3] making it the county's largest city. Nearby metropolitan areas include Akron, Cleveland, Canton, and Youngstown-Warren. Kent is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and the Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area for census purposes.

Residents of Kent are referred to as "Kentites" or as "townies"^[4] by Kent State University students and the city's nickname is "The Tree City" due to it being the home of the Davey Tree Expert Company.

[edit] History

[edit] Early history and settlement

The region was formerly inhabited by various tribes of American Indians, and around 1780 the Indian fighter Captain Samuel Brady achieved notoriety for his activities in the area, including his famous leap over the Cuyahoga River to avoid capture.^[5] After leaping the river, he hid in a nearby lake which was later named for him, Brady Lake.

As part of the Connecticut Western Reserve, the area was divided into civil townships in 1798 and almost all of what is now Kent was originally part of Town 3 Range 9, which would eventually be known as Franklin Township. Aaron Olmstead, a wealthy Connecticut merchant, had purchased the 16,000-acre (65 km²) township for $2,000 in what was then Trumbull County and named it for his son Aaron Franklin.^[6] Olmstead (also spelled "Olmsted") also bought large tracts of land in other parts of the Western Reserve and his name is part of the cities of North Olmsted and Olmsted Falls as well as Olmsted Township in Cuyahoga County. European settlers had already begun settling in the area by the late 1700s and Franklin Township was first settled in November 1805 by John Haymaker, who moved west from Pittsburgh and settled on the banks of the Cuyahoga River and built a gristmill in 1807. That same year, Portage County was formed and Franklin Township was made part of the new county. Olmstead had hoped to have Franklin Township become the county seat of the new county and had land set aside in what is now northern Kent for the county government buildings. He died before he could donate the land and his heirs used it for other purposes. Ravenna ended up becoming the county seat instead.^[7]

Initial growth in the area was slow, but eventually two small villages would develop due to the potential power generated by the Cuyahoga River that could be used in gristmills and manufacturing. Originally, there were two waterfalls in what is today downtown Kent, one of seventeen feet and another of twenty-five feet.^[8] The first village, known as Franklin and later Franklin Mills or locally as the "Lower Village," developed mostly around the original Haymaker property. In 1811 Jacob Reed purchased the Haymaker mill and the settlement was known briefly as Reedsburg until Reed sold the mill in 1817 and the name of Franklin Mills was restored.^[7] In 1818 Joshua Woodard arrived in the area and began constructing buildings just north of the village forming the "Upper Village" that would come to be known as Carthage.^[9] The two villages would become rivals for a time due to their close proximity to one another and the competing taverns which operated in them: the Woodard Tavern in Carthage and the Lincoln Tavern in Franklin Mills. By the time the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal opened in 1840 and the construction of what is today downtown Kent was completed, the rivalry had effectively ended as did the distinction between the two villages.^[10] Today, the site of Carthage is a residential and commercial area on Kent's near west side and is found in the name of the side street Carthage Avenue in the same area.

[edit] Canal era

Former P & O Canal lock and dam in downtown Kent in 2008

Former P & O aqueduct in southern Kent

In the early 1830s, plans were drawn up for the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which would connect Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Cleveland, Ohio via Akron, Ohio. Franklin Mills was selected as part of the route and due to the rocky gorge of the Cuyahoga River, construction of a lock and dam was necessitated. When construction began on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal in the 1830s, land speculation was rampant in many areas of northeast Ohio along the canal, including Franklin Mills. As a result of this, an industrial and business region was established along the river in what is now downtown Kent and several factories and mills were either planned or constructed along the Cuyahoga River, many of which either were never built or ultimately failed. Much of the canal bed is still visible in downtown Kent, including the historic lock and arch dam (first built in 1836), which is the only known arch dam attached to a canal lock in the United States ^[11] and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, an aqueduct of the canal is still visible in southern Kent where it crossed Plum Creek. The era of the canal would be relatively short-lived, lasting into the 1860s. By 1870 the canal was completely shut down.

In the era leading up to the American Civil War, Franklin Mills was an active stop on the Underground Railroad, giving fugitive slaves shelter on their escape to Canada. Notable stops in Franklin Mills included the Cuyahoga House at the corner of Cuyahoga Street and North Mantua Street (torn down in 1907) and the Woodard house along Fairchild Avenue, which still stands today.^[12] During this period, in 1835, noted American abolitionist John Brown moved to the village, operating a tannery along the Cuyahoga River with Zenas Kent, leaving in 1839. Today, a park is on the site of the tannery, which was torn down in 1976 as part of an environmental reclamation project of the areas around the Cuyahoga River.^[13] On June 26, 2004, an historical marker was dedicated in downtown Kent commemorating the city's role in the Underground Railroad.

[edit] Arrival of railroad: Franklin Mills becomes Kent

The former depot for the Atlantic & Great Western Railroad, later the Erie Railroad, built in 1875.

The home of Marvin Kent, built 1880 – 1884. It has been home to the Rockton Masonic Lodge since 1923.

In 1863 a local businessman by the name of Marvin Kent was influential in bringing the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad through the village. The railroad reinvented the village as an important stop on the east-west line as it was also home to the railroad's yards and shops. To honor Marvin Kent the village was renamed Kent in 1864, although this change was not official until the village was incorporated on May 6, 1867.^[14] Originally, before naming the city after Marvin Kent, city leaders including Marvin Kent were also considering the name Rockton, a name which Marvin Kent actually preferred,^[15] (hence the name of the Masonic Lodge as Rockton Lodge) after a local landmark in the north of Kent known as Standing Rock.^[16]

John Davey established the Davey Tree Expert Company in 1880 after planting hundreds of trees around the city. Kent became known as the "Tree City." Another of the city's oldest businesses, the Williams Brothers Mill, was also founded in the late 1800s; now operating under the name Star of the West, it is a flour mill specializing in the preparation of custom-ground wheat flours.

[edit] Twentieth century

In 1892, the Kent Free Library opened. The library was the result of the first use of an 1892 Ohio law which allowed municipalities with populations under 5,000 to tax residents for the upkeep of a library.^[17] In 1903, the library opened at its current location on West Main Street in a building that was a gift of Andrew Carnegie. Although additions have been made throughout the years, the original library building still stands today and currently houses the library's genealogy and local history areas. Most recently, all previous additions were demolished and a new, three-story addition was constructed which tripled the previous amount of available space. This new addition opened on September 26, 2006, exactly 103 years after the original library opened. During construction, the library was housed in temporary quarters at Kent's University Plaza on South Water Street from 2004 – 2006.

View of the original portion of the Kent Free Library, mainly funded by a gift from Andrew Carnegie, which opened in 1903.

In 1910, Kent was selected out of twenty ^[18] northeastern Ohio cities as the site of a new teacher training college, which became known as the "Kent State Normal School". The site for the school was on fifty-three acres of land donated by William S. Kent, son of Marvin Kent, on what was then the eastern edge of town. To honor his donation, the school was named for William S. Kent and not for the city of Kent, making it the only public university in Ohio to be named for an individual.^[19] In 1929 the school was renamed Kent State College after the establishment of a college of liberal arts and degrees in the arts and sciences and in 1935 was renamed Kent State University after it was authorized to grant advanced graduate degrees. The bill giving Kent State university status was signed into law by Ohio governor and Kent native Martin L. Davey.^[20]

In 1927 William and Frank Fageol, who had come to Kent in 1924, founded the Twin Coach Company, using their new design concept for buses. The Twin Coach factory produced buses, delivery trucks, and other similar vehicles. As bus demand declined in the mid-twentieth century the factory slowly declined as well with bus production ceasing by 1953. The company was sold in 1958 and subsequently moved to Cheektowaga, New York and the factory was completely shut down by the 1960s.^[21]

The 1930s brought the Great Depression and the slowing of the now Erie Railroad through Kent. By this time, however, Kent State University was firmly established and today nearly the entire Kent economy is in some way associated with the university.

The tree logo is seen on all Kent street signs

On February 15, 1949, Kent was officially proclaimed "The Tree City" of Ohio by a resolution^[22] and has been designated as a Tree City USA for over 20 years. Today it is known as "The Tree City," which can be seen on some signs at the city limits. The city's official emblem features a tree logo and can be found on Kent's street signs and other city signs and offices.

In 1961, Kent State grounds superintendent Larry Wooddell and Biff Staples of Davey Tree released ten cages of black squirrels obtained from Victoria Park in London, Ontario, Canada, to the Kent State campus. By 1964 their estimated population was around 150 and today they have spread in and around Kent and have become unofficial mascots of both the city and university. Since 1981, the annual Black Squirrel Festival is held every fall on the KSU campus. ^[23]

In the spring of 1970, protests began on the campus of Kent State University over the United States' invasion of Cambodia in the Vietnam War. These protests and demonstrations, which included rioting in downtown Kent on May 2, culminated in the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings, where four students were killed and nine were wounded by the Ohio National Guard. This incident was the basis for the Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young song Ohio.

In 1975, the five-lane Haymaker Parkway opened, which contains bridges over all the city's railroad tracks and relieved traffic congestion in the downtown area.

[edit] Recent history

The arch dam on the Cuyahoga River downtown just after completion Heritage Park project in 2005. In the background, the Main Street bridge and the Star of the West Milling Co. granary are visible.

In 1995, the city of Kent's municipal (tap) water won first place at the fifth annual Toast to the Tap International Water Tasting and Competition^[24] held in Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. The city and its award-winning water were featured on a segment of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno shortly thereafter.^[25]

In 2003, the old arch dam was bypassed to meet water quality standards set by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. To preserve the historic dam, a small park was built behind the dam and the river was rerouted through the old canal lock. During warm-weather months, water is pumped over the dam. The park, known as Heritage Park, was formally dedicated in May 2005.^[11]

Today, Kent is a mix of old and new with a relatively diverse population, due in part to the university, as well as an historic downtown area which is slowly growing and recovering from a period of nondevelopment. Kent also has a large park system, which includes fifteen parks and preserves throughout the city, the largest being the Fred Fuller Park just south of downtown. The city is also home to The Kent Bog-Tom S. Cooperrider State Nature Preserve, located in the southern edge of Kent. It is one of the most intact bogs in Ohio, with the southernmost and largest stand of tamarack trees in the continental United States.^[26]

[edit] Geography

Map showing the six wards of Kent with selected streets labeled.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.7 square miles (22.6 km²), of which, 8.7 square miles (22.5 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.23%) is water.^[27]

[edit] Nearby communities

Kent lies in west-central Portage County and is bordered by the following townships and municipalities:

• Franklin Township on the north and east.
• Brimfield Township on the south.
• The city of Stow on the west in neighboring Summit County.
• The city of Tallmadge on the southwest (touches, but does not border), also in Summit County.

Nearby (but not bordering Kent itself) townships and municipalities include:

• The village of Brady Lake, Ravenna Township, and the city of Ravenna to the east.
• The village of Sugar Bush Knolls and the city of Streetsboro to the north.

It is worth noting that Brady Lake, Sugar Bush Knolls, and Franklin Township are all considered part of the greater Kent community, due mostly to their association in the Kent City School District.

[edit] ZIP and Area codes

All residential areas of the city (along with large portions of Brimfield and Franklin Townships) are served by the Kent, OH 44240 ZIP code. On the campus of Kent State University, the academic buildings use the Kent, OH 44242 ZIP code and the dormitories use the Kent, OH 44243 ZIP code.

For telephone use, Kent is part of the 330 and 234 area codes, which includes the Akron-Canton and Youngstown areas of northeast Ohio.

[edit] Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 27,906 people, 9,772 households, and 4,798 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,212.3 people per square mile (1,239.9/km²). There were 10,435 housing units at an average density of 1,201.2/sq mi (463.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.07% White, 9.11% African American, 2.15% Asian, 0.19% Native American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. 1.28% of the population is Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,772 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.8% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.9% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city the population was spread out with 16.4% under the age of 18, 40.0% from 18 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 13.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,582, and the median income for a family was $44,440. Males had a median income of $32,063 versus $25,344 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,015. About 15.4% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Sports and recreation

View from Heritage Park facing downtown

• As the home of Kent State University, Kent is also the home of the University's athletic teams, the Golden Flashes, who compete in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) East Division at the NCAA Division I level (I-A for football). Several of Kent State's teams have enjoyed league and national success, with the most notable being the men's basketball team's run to the Elite Eight in the 2002 NCAA Basketball Tournament.
• Kent is home to the Kent Twisters, a member of the Pennsylvania-Ohio Women's Hockey Association (POWHA), an adult amateur women's ice hockey travel league. Kent has been consistent throughout their membership in the POWHA, but strong goaltending led them to finish second in the league in 2004 losing to the Cleveland Blues in the Championship game. Kent is also a member of the Northeast Ohio Women's Hockey Organization(NOWHO), a regional ice hockey league for women.
• The KSU Ice Arena on the Kent State campus serves as host to several local youth ice hockey programs and high school teams and is frequently the site of state high school tournament games and ice skating competitions in addition to being host to KSU's club team.
• Kent State's Dix Stadium has hosted several state high school playoff games in football and a 1980 Cleveland Browns NFL scrimmage, while Roosevelt High School's Roosevelt Stadium and Stanton Stadium have hosted state playoff games for soccer and track and field.
• From 1975 – 1981 the Cleveland Browns trained in Kent on the campus of Kent State University.^[28]

[edit] Education

[edit] Public

Elementary and secondary schooling is mainly provided by the Kent City School District with the small portion of the city south of SR 261 being served by the neighboring Field Local School District. Kent has five neighborhood elementary schools which serve students in grades K-5: Holden, Longcoy, Franklin, Davey, and Walls; Stanton Middle School for grades 6 – 8; and Theodore Roosevelt High School for grades 9 – 12. The district also operates a pre-school program, which is housed at Davey Elementary School. Theodore Roosevelt High School has been given the United States Department of Education Excellence in Education award, while the Kent City School District has been consistently rated as "Excellent" or "Effective" by the Ohio Department of Education. In 2007 Walls Elementary School was named a "School of Promise" by the Ohio Department of Education, while Longcoy Elementary earned the U.S. Department of Education's prestigious Blue Ribbon School award.^[29]

[edit] Private

Kent has one private K-8 school, St. Patrick School. Nearby private high schools include Walsh Jesuit High School and the Cuyahoga Valley Christian Academy in Cuyahoga Falls and the Western Reserve Academy in Hudson.

[edit] Higher education

Kent State University is the area's major institution of post-secondary education and is the city and county's largest employer. Other nearby institutions of higher learning include the University of Akron in Akron, Hiram College in Hiram, and the Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and Pharmacy in Rootstown.

[edit] Infrastructure

[edit] Transportation

[edit] Airports

For general passenger service, Kent is located near two major airports, the Akron-Canton Airport and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. In addition, two general aviation airports are located close to the city: the Kent State University Airport, located just west of the city limits in neighboring Stow, and the Portage County Airport in Shalersville Township.

[edit] Highways

1968 Kent Transportation Plan showing early drafts of Haymaker Parkway and the SR 261 bypass.

• State Route 59 is the main east–west highway. It runs along East and West Main Streets and Haymaker Parkway.
• State Route 43 is the main north–south highway connecting Kent with Interstate 76 and the Ohio Turnpike/Interstate 80.
• State Route 261 skirts the southern and eastern edges of the city and acts as a southern bypass.

In addition, Kent is located near the following interstate highways:

• Just south of Interstate 80/Ohio Turnpike exit 187 and the eastern terminus of Interstate 480, the primary connection with the Cleveland area.
• Just north of Interstate 76 exit 33, the main connection with Akron and the Youngstown area.

[edit] Mass transit

For public transportation Kent is served by the Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority (PARTA), which is headquartered just outside the city limits in Franklin Township. It runs several local and county-wide routes and includes Kent State University's Campus Bus Service, which has three campus-oriented routes and express routes to Akron and Cleveland. PARTA also has transfer points with Akron and Summit County's METRO RTA, providing access to their routes.

[edit] Notable residents and natives

[edit] Athletics

• Mike Adamle; former Chicago Bears running back and general manager for WWE Monday Night RAW
• Tony Adamle; former Cleveland Browns player
• Deral Boykin; former NFL safety
• Tom DeLeone; former NFL center
• Gene Michael; former Major League Baseball player, manager, and executive
• Jim Purtill; head football coach of St. Norbert College.^[30]
• Stan White; former NFL linebacker

[edit] Business

• Marvin Kent; railroad executive and bank president

[edit] Performing arts

• Julianne Baird; noted teacher of voice
• Vincent J. Cardinal; playwright and director
• Halim El-Dabh; Egyptian-born composer who has made Kent his home since 1969.
• Peter Gregg; noted guitarist and former member of Devo
• Rod Reisman; original drummer for the band Devo^[4]
• Joshua Seth; voice actor
• The Six Parts Seven; a post-rock band^[31]
• Rohn Thomas; film actor who currently resides in Kent

[edit] Politics

• John Brown; anti-slavery crusader, lived in Kent (then called Franklin Mills) c. 1835 – 39.
• Robert E. Cook; former U.S. Representative
• Lucius Fairchild; former governor of Wisconsin and U.S. diplomat to Spain.
• Martin L. Davey; former U.S. Representative and Governor of Ohio

[edit] Science

• John Davey; pioneer in tree surgery and founder of the Davey Tree Expert Company

[edit] Kent State University alumni

Many notable people have lived in Kent while attending Kent State University, among them Drew Carey, Arsenio Hall, Michael Keaton, Joe Walsh and members of Devo, and professional football players Antonio Gates and Joshua Cribbs.

[edit] Sister cities

Kent has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:

• Dudince, Slovakia

[edit] See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kent, Ohio

• Akron metropolitan area
• College town
• Greater Cleveland
• Kent State University
• Portage County, Ohio

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• City of Kent, Ohio
• Kent Historical Society
• Photos of Kent by Kent luthier Roger Thurman
• KentOhio.net
• Kent City Manager Blog

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Portage County, Ohio County seat: Ravenna Cities Aurora | Kent | Ravenna | Streetsboro | Tallmadge‡ Villages Brady Lake | Garrettsville | Hiram | Mantua | Mogadore‡ | Sugar Bush Knolls | Windham Townships Atwater | Brimfield | Charlestown | Deerfield | Edinburg | Franklin | Freedom | Hiram | Mantua | Nelson | Palmyra | Paris | Randolph | Ravenna | Rootstown | Shalersville | Suffield | Windham CDP Brimfield Unincorporated communities Diamond | Wayland Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties