List of Chinese monarchs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following list of Chinese monarchs is in no way inclusive. From the Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty, rulers usually held the title King (Chinese: 王 Wáng). With the division of China into separate Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier of China, the first Qin Emperor Qin Shi Huang created a new title for himself, that of Emperor (皇帝 Huángdì). This title of Emperor of China continued to be used for the remainder of China's Imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. While many other monarchs existed in and around China throughout its history, this list covers only those with a quasi-legitimate claim to the majority of China, or those who have traditionally been named in kings lists.

Chinese monarchs were known by many different names, and how they should be identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties. The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names - for example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely used in historical writing - but where possible the most commonly used name or naming convention has been indicated.

These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible additional information.

[edit] 3 Sovereigns & 5 Emperors Period

Posthumous Name	Personal Name	Years of Reign
Youchao/Nuwa		unknown
Suiren	Suiren	unknown
Fuxi	Fuxi	2852 - 2737 BC
Yan Di	Shennong	2737 - 2699 BC
Huang Di	Gongsun or Ji	2699 - 2588 BC
Jin Tian	Shaohao	2587 - 2491 BC
Zhuanxu	Gaoyang	2490 - 2413 BC
	Ku or Diku	2412 - 2343 BC
	Tang Yao or Yaotang-shi	2333 - 2234 BC
Shun	Youyu-shi	2233 - 2184 BC

[edit] Xia Dynasty

Ca. 2070 - 1600 BC¹

Reign name²		Notes	Name by which most commonly known
Yǔ	禹	Also known as: Dà Yǔ, 大禹	Yu
Qǐ	啟	Son of Yǔ: beginning of hereditary succession	Qi
Tài Kāng	太康		Tai Kang
Zhòng Kāng	仲康		Zhong Kang
Xiāng	相		Xiang
Shào Kāng	少康		Shao Kang
Zhù	杼		Zhu
Huái	槐		Huai
Máng	芒		Mang
Xie	泄		Xie
Bù Jiàng	不降		Bu Jiang
Jiōng	扃		Jiong
Jǐn	廑		Jin
Kǒng Jiǎ	孔甲		Kong Jia
Gāo	皋		Gao
Fā	發		Fa
Jié	桀	Also known as: Lǚ Gǔi, 履癸	Jie
1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Xià (夏), for example Xià Yǔ (夏禹).

[edit] Shang Dynasty

Ca. 1600 - 1046 BC¹

Personal name	Reign name²	Temple name³	Reign years¹	Name by which most commonly known
Zi Lü 子履	Tang 湯		1600 - 1300 BC	Tang
Zi Sheng 子勝	Wai Bing 外丙			Wai Bing
Zi Yong 子庸	Zhong Ren 仲壬			Zhong Ren
Zi Zhi 子至	Tai Jia 太甲			Tai Jia
Zi Xun 子绚	Wo Ding 沃丁			Wo Ding
Zi Bian 子辨	Tai Geng 太庚			Tai Geng
Zi Gao 子高	Xiao Jia 小甲			Xiao Jia
Zi Dian 子佃 or Zi Zhou 子伷	Yong Ji 雍己			Yong Ji
Zi Mi 子密 or Zi Zhou 子伷	Tai Wu 太戊			Tai Wu
Zi Zhuang 子庄	Zhong Ding 仲丁			Zhong Ding
Zi Fa 子发	Wai Ren 外壬			Wai Ren
Zi Zheng 子整	He Dan Jia 河亶甲			He Dan Jia
Zi Teng 子滕	Zu Yi 祖乙	Zhong Zong 中宗		Zu Yi
Zi Dan 子旦	Zu Xin 祖辛			Zu Xin
Zi Yu 子逾	Wo Jia 沃甲			Wo Jia
Zi Xin 子新	Zu Ding 祖丁			Zu Ding
Zi Geng 子更	Nan Geng 南庚			Nan Geng
Zi He 子和	Yang Jia 陽甲			Yang Jia
Zi Xun 子旬	Pan Geng 盤庚		1300 - 1251 BC	Pan Geng⁴
Zi Song 子颂	Xiao Xin 小辛			Xiao Xin
Zi Lian 子敛	Xiao Yi 小乙			Xiao Yi
Zi Zhao 子昭	Wu Ding 武丁	Gao Zong 高宗	1250 - 1192 BC	Wu Ding
Zi Yao 子曜	Zu Geng 祖庚		1191 - 1148 BC	Zu Geng
	Zu Jia 祖甲			Zu Jia
	Lin Xin 廩辛			Lin Xin
Zi Xiao 子嚣	Geng Ding 庚丁	Kang Ding 康丁		Kang Ding
Zi Qu 子瞿	Wu Yi 武乙		1147 - 1113 BC	Wu Yi
Zi Tuo 子托	Wen Ding⁵ 文丁		1112 - 1102 BC	Wen Ding
Zi Xian 子羡	Di Yi 帝乙		1101 - 1076 BC	Di Yi
Zi Shou 子受	Di Xin 帝辛		1075 - 1046 BC	Di Xin
'1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project', the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Shang (商), for example Shang Tang (商湯).
3 The name used in the oracle bone inscription records of ancestral sacrifice.
4 The period of the Shang dynasty starting from Pan Geng is also frequently referred to as the Yin (殷) dynasty. because he changed capital to Yin.
5 Also known as Tai Ding (太丁).

[edit] Zhou Dynasty

Mid 11th century BC - 256 BC, traditionally divided into:

the Western Zhou dynasty, ca. 1046 BC¹ - 771 BC
the Eastern Zhou dynasty, 770 - 256 BC, in turn divided into:
- the Spring and Autumn period, 770 - 476 BC
- the Warring States period, 475 - 221 BC

Personal name	Posthumous name	Reign years¹	Name by which most commonly known
Ji Fa 姬發	Wuwang 武王	1046 - 1043 BC¹	Zhou Wuwang (King Wu of Zhou)
Ji Song 姬誦	Chengwang 成王	1042 - 1021 BC¹	Zhou Chengwang (King Cheng of Zhou)
Ji Zhao 姬釗	Kangwang 康王	1020 - 996 BC¹	Zhou Kangwang (King Kang of Zhou)
Ji Xia 姬瑕	Zhaowang 昭王	995 - 977 BC¹	Zhou Zhaowang (King Zhao of Zhou)
Ji Man 姬滿	Muwang 穆王	976 - 922 BC¹	Zhou Muwang (King Mu of Zhou)
Ji Yihu 姬繄扈	Gongwang 共王	922 - 900 BC¹	Zhou Gongwang (King Gong of Zhou)
Ji Jian 姬囏	Yiwang 懿王	899 - 892 BC¹	Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou)
Ji Pifang 姬辟方	Xiaowang 孝王	891 - 886 BC¹	Zhou Xiaowang (King Xiao of Zhou)
Ji Xie 姬燮	Yiwang 夷王	885 - 878 BC¹	Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou)
Ji Hu 姬胡	Liwang 厲王	877 - 841 BC¹	Zhou Liwang (King Li of Zhou)
	Gonghe (regency) 共和	841 - 828 BC	Gonghe
Ji Jing 姬靜	Xuanwang 宣王	827 - 782 BC	Zhou Xuanwang (King Xuan of Zhou)
Ji Gongsheng 姬宮湦	Youwang 幽王	781 - 771 BC	Zhou Youwang (King You of Zhou)
Ji Yijiu 姬宜臼	Pingwang 平王	770 - 720 BC	Zhou Pingwang (King Ping of Zhou)
Ji Lin 姬林	Huanwang 桓王	719 - 697 BC	Zhou Huanwang (King Huan of Zhou)
Ji Tuo 姬佗	Zhuangwang 莊王	696 - 682 BC	Zhou Zhuangwang (King Zhuang of Zhou)
Ji Huqi 姬胡齊	Xiwang 釐王	681 - 677 BC	Zhou Xiwang (King Xi of Zhou)
Ji Lang 姬閬	Huiwang 惠王	676 - 652 BC	Zhou Huiwang (King Hui I of Zhou)
Ji Zheng 姬鄭	Xiangwang 襄王	651 - 619 BC	Zhou Xiangwang (King Xiang of Zhou)
Ji Renchen 姬壬臣	Qingwang 頃王	618 - 613 BC	Zhou Qingwang (King Qing of Zhou)
Ji Ban 姬班	Kuangwang 匡王	612 - 607 BC	Zhou Kuangwang (King Kuang of Zhou)
Ji Yu 姬瑜	Dingwang 定王	606 - 586 BC	Zhou Dingwang (King Ding of Zhou)
Ji Yi 姬夷	Jianwang 簡王	585 - 572 BC	Zhou Jianwang (King Jian of Zhou)
Ji Xiexin 姬泄心	Lingwang 靈王	571 - 545 BC	Zhou Lingwang (King Ling of Zhou)
Ji Gui 姬貴	Jingwang 景王	544 - 521 BC	Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou)
Ji Meng 姬猛	Daowang 悼王	520 BC	Zhou Daowang (King Dao of Zhou)
Ji Gai 姬丐	Jingwang 敬王	519 - 476 BC	Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou)
Ji Ren 姬仁	Yuanwang 元王	475 - 469 BC	Zhou Yuanwang (King Yuan of Zhou)
Ji Jie 姬介	Zhendingwang 貞定王	468 - 442 BC	Zhou Zhendingwang (King Zhending of Zhou)
Ji Quji 姬去疾	Aiwang 哀王	441 BC	Zhou Aiwang (King Ai of Zhou)
Ji Shu 姬叔	Siwang 思王	441 BC	Zhou Siwang (King Si of Zhou)
Ji Wei 姬嵬	Kaowang 考王	440 - 426 BC	Zhou Kaowang (King Kao of Zhou)
Ji Wu 姬午	Weiliewang 威烈王	425 - 402 BC	Zhou Weiliewang (King Weilie of Zhou)
Ji Jiao 姬驕	Anwang 安王	401 - 376 BC	Zhou Anwang (King An of Zhou)
Ji Xi 姬喜	Liewang 烈王	375 - 369 BC	Zhou Liewang (King Lie of Zhou)
Ji Bian 姬扁	Xianwang 顯王	368 - 321 BC	Zhou Xianwang (King Xian of Zhou)
Ji Ding 姬定	Shenjingwang 慎靚王	320 - 315 BC	Zhou Shenjingwang (King Shenjing of Zhou)
Ji Yan 姬延	Nanwang 赧王	314 - 256 BC	Zhou Nanwang (King Nan of Zhou)
	Huiwang 惠王	255 - 249 BC	Zhou Huiwang² (King Hui II of Zhou)
1 The first generally accepted date in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe regency. All dates prior to this are the subject of often vigorous dispute. The dates provided here are those put forward by The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project, the work of scholars sponsored by the Chinese government which reported in 2000. They are given only as a guide.
2 Nobles of the Ji family proclaimed King Hui as King Nan's successor after their capital, Luoyang, fell to Qin forces in 256 BC. However Zhou resistance did not last long in the face of the Qin advance and so King Nan is widely considered to have been the last king of the Zhou dynasty.

[edit] Qin Dynasty

**Sovereigns of the Qin Dynasty 221 - 207 BC**
Posthumous Names ( Shì Hào 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns
Convention: "Qin" + posthumous name
Note: King Zhaoxiang of Qin (秦昭襄王, Qín Zhāoxiāng Wáng) had already been ruling Qin for 51 years when the Qin state annihilated the Zhou Dynasty; however, the other six warring states were still independent regimes. Historiographers thus used the next year (the 52nd year of Qin Zhaoshang Wang) as the official continuation from the Zhou Dynasty, therefore, so should we. Qin Shi Huang was the first Chinese sovereign proclaiming himself "Emperor".
始皇帝 Shǐ Huángdì	嬴政 Yíng Zhèng	246 - 210 BC
二世皇帝 Èr Shì Huángdì	嬴胡亥 Yíng Húhài	209 - 207 BC
Ziying can be referred to using either his personal name or Qín Wáng Ziyīng (秦王子嬰)
三世皇帝 Qin San Shi	嬴子嬰 Yíng Ziyīng	207 BC

[edit] Han Dynasty

Han Dynasty Sovereigns
Posthumous Name	Personal Name	Period of Reign	Era Name	Range of years
Convention: "Han" + posthumous name, excepting Liu Gong, Liu Hong, Ruzi Ying, the Prince of Changyi, the Marquess of Beixiang, and the Prince of Hongnong.
Western Han Dynasty 206 – 9 AD
Gao Zu 高帝	Liu Bang 劉邦	206 – 195 BC	Did not exist
Hui Di 惠帝	Liu Ying 劉盈	194 – 188 BC	Did not exist
Shao Di (Shao Di Gong) 少帝	Liu Gong 劉恭	188 – 184 BC	Did not exist
Shao Di (Shao Di Hong) 少帝	Liu Hong 劉弘	184 – 180 BC	Did not exist
Wen Di 文帝	Liu Heng 劉恆	179 – 157 BC	Hòuyuán (後元)	163 – 156 BC
Jing Di 景帝	Liu Qi 劉啟	156 – 141 BC	Zhōngyuán (中元) Hòuyuán (後元)	149 – 143 BC 143 – 141 BC
Wu Di 武帝	Liu Che 劉徹	140 – 87 BC	Jiànyuán (建元) Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) Tàishǐ (太始) Zhēnghé (征和) Hòuyuán (後元)	140 – 135 BC 134 – 129 BC 128 – 123 BC 122 – 117 BC 116 – 111 BC 110 – 105 BC 104 – 101 BC 100 – 97 BC 96 – 93 BC 92 BC – 89 BC 88 – 87 BC
Zhao Di 昭帝	Liu Fuling 劉弗陵	86 – 74 BC	Shǐyuán (始元) Yuánfèng (元鳳) Yuánpíng (元平)	86 – 80 BC 80 – 75 BC 74 BC
The Prince of Changyi 昌邑王 or 海昏侯	Liu He 劉賀	74 BC	Yuánpíng (元平)	74 BC
Xuan Di 宣帝	Liu Xun 劉詢	73 – 49 BC	Běnshǐ (本始) Dìjié (地節) Yuánkāng (元康) Shénjué (神爵) Wǔfèng (五鳳) Gānlù (甘露) Huánglóng (黃龍)	73 BC – 70 BC 69 – 66 BC 65 – 61 BC 61 – 58 BC 57 – 54 BC 53 – 50 BC 49 BC
Yuan Di 元帝	Liu Shi 劉奭	48 – 33 BC	Chūyuán (初元) Yǒngguāng (永光) Jiànzhāo (建昭) Jìngníng (竟寧)	48 – 44 BC 43 – 39 BC 38 – 34 BC 33 BC
Cheng Di 成帝	Liu Ao 劉驁	32 – 7 BC	Jiànshǐ (建始) Hépíng (河平) Yángshuò (陽朔) Hóngjiā (鴻嘉) Yǒngshǐ (永始) Yuányán (元延n2) Suīhé (綏和)	32 – 28 BC 28 – 25 BC 24 – 21 BC 20 – 17 BC 16 – 13 BC 12 – 9 BC 8 – 7 BC
Ai Di 哀帝	Liu Xin 劉欣	6 – 1 BC	Jiànpíng (建平) Yuánshòu (元壽)	6 – 3 BC 2 – 1 BC
Ping Di 平帝	Liu Kan 劉衎	1 BC – 5 AD	Yuánshǐ (元始)	1 BC – 5 AD
Ruzi Ying 孺子嬰	Liu Ying 劉嬰	6 – 8	Jùshè (居攝) Chūshǐ (初始)	6 – October 8 November 8 – December 8
Xin Dynasty (AD 9–23)
Xin Dynasty of Wang Mang (王莽)		9 – 23	Shǐjiànguó (始建國) Tiānfēng (天鳳) Dìhuáng (地皇)	9 – 13 14 – 19 20 – 23
Continuation of Han Dynasty
Geng Shi Di 更始帝	Liu Xuan 劉玄	23 – 25	Gēngshǐ (更始)	23 – 25
Eastern Han Dynasty 25 – 220
Guang Wu Di 光武帝	Liu Xiu 劉秀	25 – 57	Jiànwǔ (建武) Jiànwǔzhongōyuán (建武中元)	25 – 56 56 – 57
Ming Di 明帝	Liu Zhuang 劉莊	58 – 75	Yǒngpíng (永平)	58 – 75
Zhang Di 章帝	Liu Da 劉炟	76 – 88	Jiànchū (建初) Yuánhé (元和) Zhānghé (章和)	76 – 84 84 – 87 87 – 88
He Di 和帝	Liu Zhao 劉肇	89 – 105	Yǒngyuán (永元) Yuánxīng (元興)	89 – 105 105
Shang Di 殤帝	Liu Long 劉隆	106	Yánpíng (延平)	9 months in 106
An Di 安帝	Liu Hu 劉祜	106 – 125	Yǒngchū (永初) Yuánchū (元初) Yǒngníng (永寧) Jiànguāng (建光) Yánguāng (延光)	107 – 113 114 – 120 120 – 121 121 – 122 122 – 125
Shao Di, the Marquess of Beixiang 少帝 or 北鄉侯	Liu Yi 劉懿	125	Yánguāng (延光)	125
Shun Di 順帝	Liu Bao 劉保	125 – 144	Yǒngjiàn (永建) Yángjiā (陽嘉) Yǒnghé (永和) Hàn'ān (漢安) Jiànkāng (建康)	126 – 132 132 – 135 136 – 141 142 – 144 144
Chong Di 沖帝	Liu Bing 劉炳	144 – 145	Yōngxī (永嘉)	145
Zhi Di 質帝	Liu Zuan 劉纘	145 – 146	Běnchū (本初)	146
Huan Di 桓帝	Liu Zhi 劉志	146 – 168	Jiànhé (建和) Hépíng (和平) Yuánjiā (元嘉) Yǒngxīng (永興) Yǒngshòu (永壽) Yánxī (延熹) Yǒngkāng (永康)	147 – 149 150 151 – 153 153 – 154 155 – 158 158 – 167 167
Ling Di 靈帝	Liu Hong 劉宏	168 – 189	Jiànníng (建寧) Xīpíng (熹平) Guānghé (光和) Zhōngpíng (中平)	168 – 172 172 – 178 178 – 184 184 – 189
Shao Di, the Prince of Hongnong 少帝 or 弘農王	Liu Bian 劉辯	189	Guīngxī (光熹) Zhàoníng (昭寧)	189 189
Xian Di 獻帝	Liu Xie (liú xié) 劉協	189 – 220	Yǒnghàn (永漢) (中平} Chūpíng (初平) Xīngpíng (興平) Jiàn'ān (建安) Yánkāng (延康)	189 189 190 – 193 194 – 195 196 – 220 220

[edit] Three Kingdoms Period

**Three Kingdoms Sovereigns**
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Wei or Cao Wei 220-265 AD
Convention: "Wei" + posthumous name, sometimes except Cao Pi who was referred using personal names.
Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4)	曹丕 Cao Pi	220-226	Huangchu (黃初 huang2 chu1) 220-226
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)	曹叡 Cao Rui	226-239	Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 227-233 Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237 Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 237-239
Qi Wang (齊王 qi2 wang2)	曹芳 Cao Fang	239-254	Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 240-249 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 249-254
Gao Gui Xiang Gong (高貴鄉公 gao1 gui4 xiang1 gong1)	曹髦 Cao Mao	254-260	Zhengyuan (正元 zheng4 yuan2) 254-256 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 256-260
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)	曹奐 Cao Huan	260-265	Jingyuan (景元 jing3 yuan2) 260-264 Xianxi (咸熙 xian2 xi1) 264-265
Shu or Shu Han 221 - 263
Convention: use personal name
Zhao Lie Di (昭烈帝 zhao1 lie4 di4)	劉備 Liu Bei	221-223	Zhangwu (章武 zhang1 wu3) 221-223
Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	劉禪 Liu Shan	223-263	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 223-237 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 238-257 Jingyao (景耀 jing3 yao4) 258-263 Yanxing (炎興 yan2 xing1) 263
Wu 222-280
Convention: use personal name
Da Di (大帝 da4 di4)	孫權 Sun Quan	222-252	Huangwu (黃武 huang2 wu3) 222-229 Huanglong (黃龍 huang2 long2) 229-231 Jiahe (嘉禾 jia1 he2) 232-238 Chiwu (赤烏 chi4 wu1) 238-251 Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 251-252 Shenfeng (神鳳 shen2 feng4) 252
Kuai ji wang (會稽王 kuai4 ji1 wang2)	孫亮 Sun Liang	252-258	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 252-253 Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 254-256 Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 256-258
Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4)	Sun Xiu 孫休 Sun Xiu	258-264	Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 258-264
Wu Cheng Hou (烏程侯 wu1 cheng2 hou2)	Sun Hao 孫皓 Sun Hao	264-280	Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 264-265 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 265-266 Baoding (寶鼎 bao3 ding3) 266-269 Jianheng (建衡 jian4 heng2) 269-271 Fenghuang (鳳凰 feng4 huang2) 272-274 Tiance (天冊 tian1 ce4) 275-276 Tianxi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 276 Tianji (天紀 tian1 ji4) 277-280

[edit] Jin Dynasty

**Jin Dynasty (265-420) Sovereigns**
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: "Jin" + posthumous name
Xi (Western) Jin Dynasty 265-317
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)	Sima Yan 司馬炎 si1 ma3 yan2	265-290	Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 265-274 Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2)275-280 Taikang (太康 tai4 kang1) 280-289 Taixi (太熙 tai4 xi1) 290
Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4)	司馬衷 si1 ma3 zhong1	290-306	Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 290 Yongping (永平 yong3 ping) 291 Yuankang (元康 yuan2 kang1) 291-299 Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 300-301 Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 301-302 Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 302-303 Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304 Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 304 Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304 Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 304-306 Guangxi (光熙 guang1 xi1) 306
Huai Di (懷帝 huai2 di4)	司馬熾 si1 ma3 chi4	307-311	Yongjia (永嘉 yong3 jia1) 307-313
Min Di(愍帝 min3 di4)	司馬鄴 si1 ma3 ye4	313-317	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 313-317
Dong (Eastern) Jin Dynasty 317 AD - 420 AD
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)	司馬睿 si1 ma3 rui4	317-322	Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 317-318 Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 318-321 Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 321-322
Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)	司馬紹 si1 ma3 shao4	322-325	Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 322-323 Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 323-325
Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4)	司馬衍 si1 ma3 yan3	325-342	Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 325 Xianhe (咸和 xian2 he2) 326-334 Xiankang (咸康 xian2 kang1) 335-342
Kang Di (康帝 kang1 di4)	司馬岳 si1 ma3 yue4	342-344	Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 343-344
Mu Di (穆帝 mu4 di4)	司馬聃 si1 ma3 dan1	345-361	Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 345-356 Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357-361
Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4)	司馬丕 si1 ma3 pi1	361-365	Longhe (隆和 long2 he2) 362-363 Xingning (興寧 xing1 ning2) 363-365
Fei Di (海西公 hai3 xi1 gong1)	司馬奕 si1 ma3 yi4	365-371	Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 365-371
Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4)	司馬昱 si1 ma3 yu4	371-372	Xianan (咸安 xian2 an1) 371-372
Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4)	司馬曜 si1 ma3 yao4	372-396	Ningkang (寧康 ning2 kang1) 373-375 Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 376-396
An Di (安帝 an1 di4)	司馬德宗 si1 ma3 de2 zong1	396-418	Longan (隆安 long2 an1) 397-401 Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 402-404 Yixi (義熙 yi4 xi1) 405-418
Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4)	司馬德文 si1 ma3 de2 wen2	419-420	Yuanxi (元熙 yuan2 xi1) 419-420

[edit] Sixteen Kingdoms Period

**Sovereigns in the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: use personal name
Han Zhao Empire 304-329 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Han Empire and Former Zhao Empire)
Han Empire 304-318
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)	Guang Wen Di (光文帝 guang1 wen2 di4)	劉淵 liu2 yuan1	304-310	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 304-308 Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309 Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310
Did not exist	Liang Wang (梁王 liang2 wang2)	劉和 liu2 he2	7 days in 310	Did not exist
Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)	Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4)	劉聰 liu2 cong1	310-318	Guangxing (光興 guang1 xing1) 310-311 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 315-316 Linjia (麟嘉 lin2 jia1) 316-318
Did not exist	Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4)	劉粲 liu2 can4	a month and days in 318	Hanchang (漢昌 han4 chang1) 318
Qian (Former) Zhao Empire 318-329
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	劉曜 liu2 yao4	318-329	Guangchu (光初 guang1 chu1) 318-329
Hou (Later) Zhao Empire 319 - 351
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)	Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)	石勒 shi2 le4	319-333	Zhaowang (趙王 zhao4 wang2) 319-328 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330 Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333
Did not exist	Hai Yang Wang (海陽王 hai3 yang2 wang2)	石弘 shi2 hong2	333-334	Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 333 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)	石虎 shi2 hu3	334-349	Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 334-349 Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 349
Did not exist	Qiao Wang (譙王 qiao2 wang2)	石世 shi2 shi4	73 days in 349	Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 73 days in 349
Did not exist	Pang Cheng Wang (彭城王 pang2 cheng2 wang2)	石遵 shi2 zun1	183 days in 349	Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 183 days in 349
Did not exist	Yi Yang Wang (義陽王 yi4 yang2 wang2)	石鑒 shi2 jian4	103 days within 349-350	Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 103 days within 349-350
Did not exist	Xin Xing Wang (新興王 xin1 xing1 wang2)	石祗 shi2 zhi1	350-351	Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 349-350
Cheng Han Empire 303-347 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng Empire and Han Empire)
Cheng Empire 303-338
Shi Zu (始祖 shi3 zu3) or Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)	Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4)	李特 li3 te4	303	Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) or Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 303
Did not exist	Qin Wen Wang (秦文王 qin2 wen2 wang2)	李流 li3 liu2	several months in 303	Did not exist
Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)	Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)	李雄 li3 xiong2	303-334	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 303-305 Yanping (晏平 yan4 ping2) 305-311 Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 311-334
Did not exist	Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 si4)	李班 li3 ban1	7 months in 334	Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 7 months in 334
Did not exist	You Gong (幽公 you1 gong1)	李期 li3 qi1	334-338	Yuheng (玉恆 yu4 heng2) 334-338
Han Empire 338-347
Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)	Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4)	李壽 li3 shou4	338-343	Hanxing (漢興 han4 xing1) 338-343
Did not exist	Gui Yi Hou (歸義侯 gui1 yi4 hou2)	李勢 li3 shi4	343-347	Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 343-346 Jianing (嘉寧 jia1 ning2) 346-347
Qian (Former) Yan Empire 337-370
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wen Ming Di (文明帝 wen2 ming2 di4)	慕容皝 mu4 rong2 huang3	337-348	Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 337-348
Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)	Jing Zhao Di (景昭帝 jing3 zhao1 di4)	慕容俊 mu4 rong2 jun4	348-360	Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 348-353 Yuanxi (元璽 yuan2 xi3) 353-357 Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357 Guangshou (光壽 gunag1 shou4) 357-360
Did not exist	You Di (幽帝 you1 di4)	慕容暐 mu4 rong2 wei3	360-370	Jianxi (建熙 jian4 xi1) 360-365 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-370
Hou (Later) Yan Empire 384-407
Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)	Wu Cheng Di (武成帝 wu3 cheng2 di4)	慕容垂 mu4 rong2 chui2	384-396	Yanyuan (燕王 yan4 wang2) 384-385 Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 386-396
Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)	Hui Min Di (惠愍帝 hui4 min3 di4)	慕容寶 mu4 rong2 bao3	396-398	Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 396-398
Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)	Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4)	慕容盛 mu4 rong2 sheng4	398-401	Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 398 Changluo (長樂 chang2 le4) 399-401
Did not exist	Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4)	慕容熙 mu4 rong2 xi1	401-407	Guangshi (光始 guang1 shi3) 401-406 Jianshi (建始 jian4 shi3) 407
Nan (Southern) Yan Empire 398-410
Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1)	Xian Wu Di (獻武帝 xian4 wu3 di4)	慕容德 mu4 rong2 de2	398-405	Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 398-400 Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 400-405
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	慕容超 mu4 rong2 chao1	405-410	Taishang (太上 tai4 shang4) 405-410
Bei (Northern) Yan Empire 407-436
Did not exist	Hui Yi Di (惠懿帝 hui4 yi4 di4)	高雲 gao1 yun2	407-409	Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 407-409
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wen Cheng Di (文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4)	馮跋 feng2 ba2	409-430	Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 409-430
Did not exist	Zhao Cheng Di (昭成帝 zhao1 cheng2 di4)	馮弘 feng2 hong2	430-436	Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 430-436
Qian (Former) Liang Kingdom 320-376
Did not exist	Cheng Gong (成公 cheng2 gong1)	張茂 zhang1 mao4	320-324	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 320-324
Did not exist	Zhong Cheng Gong (忠成公 zhong1 cheng2 gong1)	張駿 zhang1 jun4	324-346	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 324-346
Did not exist	Huan Gong (桓公 huan2 gong1)	張重華 zhang1 chong2 hua2	346-353	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 346-353
Did not exist	Ai Gong (哀公 ai1 gong1)	張曜靈 zhang1 yao4 ling2	3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353
Did not exist	Wei Wang (威王 wei1 wang2)	張祚 zhang1 zuo4	353-355	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353-354 Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 354-355
Did not exist	Jing Dao Gong (敬悼公 jing4 dao4 gong1) or Chong Gong (沖公 chong1 gong1)	張玄靖 zhang1 xuan2 jing4	355-363	Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 355-361 Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 361-363
Did not exist	Dao Gong (悼公 dao4 gong1)	張天錫 zhang1 tian1 xi2	364-376	Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 364-376
Hou (Later) Liang Kingdom 386 AD - 403 AD
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Yi Wu Wang (懿武王 yi4 wu3 wang2)	呂光 uu3 guang1	386-399	Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 386-389 Lunjia (麟嘉 lun2 jia1) 389-396 Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 396-399
Did not exist	Yin Wang (隱王 yin3 wang2)	呂紹 luu3 shao4	399	Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 399
Did not exist	Ling Wang (靈王 ling2 wang2)	呂纂 luu3 zuan3	399-401	Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2) 399-401
Did not exist	Shang Shu Gong (尚書公 shang4 shu1 gong1) or Jiankang Gong (建康公 jian4 kang1 gong1)	呂隆 luu3 long2	401-403	Shending (神鼎 shen2 ding3) 401-403
Nan (Southern) Liang Kingdom 397 AD - 414 AD
Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3)	Wu Wang (武王 wu3 wang2)	禿髮烏孤 tu1 fa3 wu1 gu1	397-399	Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 397-399
Did not exist	Kang Wang (康王 kang1 wang2)	禿髮利鹿孤 tu1 fa3 li4 lu4 gu1	399-402	Jianhe (建和 jian4 he2) 399-402
Did not exist	Jing Wang (景王 jing3 wang2) or Jing Wang (敬王 jing4 wang2)	禿髮傉檀 tu1 fa3 li4 ru4 tan2	402-414	Hongchang (弘昌 hong2 chang1) 402-404 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 409-414
Bei (Northern) Liang Kingdom 397-439 (as Kings of Gao Chang 442-460)
Did not exist	Did not exist	段業 duan4 ye4	397-401	Shen Xi (神璽 shen2 xi3) 397-399 Tian Xi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 399-401
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wu Xuan Wang (武宣王 wu3 xuan1 wang2)	沮渠蒙遜 ju3 qu2 meng2 xun4	401-433	Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 401-412 Xuanshi (玄始 xuan2 shi3) 412-428 Chengxuan (承玄 cheng2 xuan2) 428-430 Yihe (義和 yi4 he2) 430-433
Did not exist	Ai Wang (哀王 ai1 wang2)	沮渠牧犍 ju3 qu2 mu4 jian1	433-439	Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 433-439
Did not exist	Did not exist	沮渠無諱 ju3 qu2 wu2 hui4	442-444	Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 442-443 Qianshou (乾壽 qian2 shou4) 443-444
Did not exist	Did not exist	沮渠安周 ju3 qu2 an1 zhou1	444-460	Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 444-460
Xi (Western) Liang Kingdom 400-421
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wu Zhao Wang (武昭王 wu3 zhao1 wang2)	李暠 li3 gao3	400-417	Gengzi (庚子 geng1 zi5) 400-405 Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 406-416
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	李歆 li3 xin1	417-420	Jiaxing (嘉興 jia1 xing1) 417-420
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	李恂 li3 xun2	420-421	Yongjian (永建 yong3 jian4) 420-421
Qian Former Qin Empire 351 AD - 394 AD
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)	Jing Ming Di (景明帝 jing3 ming2 di4)	苻健 fu2 jian4	351-355	Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 351-355
Did not exist	Li Wang (厲王 li4 wang2)	苻生 fu2 sheng1	355-357	Shouguang (壽光 shou4 guang1) 355-357
Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)	Xuan Zhao Di (宣昭帝 xuan1 zhao1 di4)	苻堅 fu2 jian1	357-385	Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 357-359 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 359-364 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-385
Did not exist	Ai Ping Di (哀平帝 ai1 ping2 di4)	苻丕 fu2 pi1	385-386	Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 385-386
Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)	Gao Di (高帝 gao1 di4)	苻登 fu2 deng1	386-394	Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 385-394
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	苻崇 fu2 chong2	several months in 394	Yanchu (延初 yan2 chu1) 394
Hou (Later) Qin Empire 384 AD - 417 AD
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wu Zhao Di (武昭帝 wu3 zhao1 di4)	姚萇 yao2 chang2	384-393	Bai Que (白雀 bai2 que4) 384-386 Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 386-393
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)	Wen Huan Di (文桓帝 wen2 huan2 di4)	姚興 yao2 xing1	394-416	Huangchu (皇初 huang2 chu1) 394-399 Hongshi (弘始 hong2 shi3) 399-416
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	姚泓 yao2 hong2	416-417	Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 416-417
Xi (Western) Qin Kingdom 385-400,409-431
Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3)	Xuan Lie Wang (宣烈王 xuan1 lie4 wang2)	乞伏國仁 qi3 fu2 guo2 ren2	385-388	Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 385-388
Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)	Wu Yuan Wang (武元王 wu3 yuan2 wang2)	乞伏乾歸 qi3 fu2 gan1 gui1	388-400,409-412	Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 388-400 Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 409-412
Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)	Wen Zhao Wang (文昭王 wen2 zhao1 wang2)	乞伏熾磐 qi3 fu2 chi4 pan2	412-428	Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 412-419 Jianhong (建弘 jian4 hong2) 420-428
Did not exist	Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)	乞伏暮末 qi3 fu2 mu4 mo4	428-431	Yonghong (永弘 yong3 hong2) 428-431
Xia Empire 407-431
Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)	Wu Lie Di (武烈帝 wu3 lie4 di4)	赫連勃勃 he4 lian2 bo2 bo2	407-425	Longsheng (龍升 long2 sheng1) 407-413 Fengxiang (鳳翔 feng4 xiang2) 413-418 Changwu (昌武 chang1 wu3) 418-419 Zhenxing (真興 chen1 xing1) 419-425
Did not exist	Qin Wang (秦王 qin2 wang2)	赫連昌 he4 lian2 chang1	425-428	Chengguang (承光 cheng2 guang1) 425-428
Did not exist	Ping Yuan Wang (平原王 ping2 yuan2 wang2)	赫連定 he4 lian2 ding4	428-431	Shengguang (勝光 sheng4 guang1) 425-428

[edit] Sovereignties established by Wu Hu

**Sovereignties established by Chinese and Wu Hu but traditionally not counted in the Sixteen Kingdoms**
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: use personal name
Ran Wei Kingdom 350-352 (addressed as Wei Kingdom in traditional texts)
Wu Dao Tian Wang (武道天王 wu3 dao4 tian1 wang2)	冉閔 ran3 min3	350-352	Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 350-352
Xi (Western) Yan Empire 384-394
Wei Di (威帝 wei1 di4)	慕容泓 mu4 rong2 hong2	384	Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384
Did not exist	慕容沖 mu4 rong2 chong1	384-386	Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384-385 Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 385-386
Did not exist	段隨 duan4 sui2	386	Changping (昌平 chang1 ping2) 386
Did not exist	慕容韜 mu4 rong2 tao1	386	Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 386
Did not exist	慕容瑤 mu4 rong2 yao2	386	Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 386
Did not exist	慕容忠 mu4 rong2 zhong1	386	Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 386
Did not exist	慕容永 mu4 rong2 yong3	386-394	Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 386-394
Shu Kingdom 405-413
Cheng Du Wang (成都王 cheng2 du1 wang2)	譙縱 qiao2 zong4	405-413	Did not exist
Chieftains of Tiefu Tribe ( mid-3rd century-391 )
Did not exist	劉去卑 liu2 qu4 bei1	mid 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉誥升爰 liu2 gao4 sheng1 yuan2	mid 3rd century - late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉虎 liu2 hu3	early 4th century (309?) - 341	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉務恒 liu2 wu4 heng2	341-356	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉閼陋頭 liu2 e4 lou4 tou2	356-358	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉悉勿祈 liu2 xi1 wu4 qi2	358-359	Did not exist
Did not exist	劉衛辰 liu2 wei4 chen2	359-391	Did not exist
Chieftains of Yuwen Tribe ( late-3rd century-345 )
Did not exist	宇文莫槐 yu3 wen2 mo4 huai2	late 3rd century-293	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文普回 yu3 wen2 pu3 hui2 or Yuwen Pu Bo\|宇文普撥 yu3 wen2 pu3 bo1	293-late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文丘不勤 yu3 wen2 qiu1 bu4 qin2	late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文莫圭 yu3 wen2 mo4 gui1	late 3rd century (299?)- early 4th century (302?)	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文悉獨官 yu3 wen2 xi1 du2 guan1	early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文乞得歸 yu3 wen2 qi3 de5 gui1	early 3rd century - 333	Did not exist
Did not exist	宇文逸豆歸 yu3 wen2 yi4 dou4 gui1	333-345	Did not exist
Dukes of Liaoxi 303-338
Did not exist	段務勿塵 duan4 wu4 wu4 chen2	303-310 or 311	Did not exist
Did not exist	段疾陸眷 duan4 ji2 lu4 juan4	310 or 311 - 318	Did not exist
Did not exist	段涉復辰 duan4 she4 fu4 chen2	318	Did not exist
Did not exist	段匹磾 duan4 pi3 di1	318-321	Did not exist
Did not exist	段末柸 duan4 mo4 pei1	318-325	Did not exist
Did not exist	段牙 duan4 ya2	325	Did not exist
Did not exist	段遼 duan4 liao2	326-338	Did not exist
Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century- mid 6th century (555?) )
First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371)
Did not exist	楊騰 yang2 teng2	late 2nd century- early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊駒 yang2 ju1	early 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊千萬 yang2 qian1 wan4	early 3rd century - mid 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊飛龍 yang2 fei1 long2	mid 3rd century - late 3rd century	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊茂搜 yang2 mao4 sou1	late 3rd century - 317	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊難敵 yang2 nan2 di2	317-334	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊毅 yang2 yi4	334-337	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊初 yang2 chu1	337-355	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊國 yang2 guo2	355-356	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊俊 yang2 jun4	356-360	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊世 yang2 shi4	360-370	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊篡 yang2 cuan4	370-371	Did not exist
Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473
武王 wu3 wang2	楊定 yang2 ding4	385-394	Did not exist
惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2	楊盛 yang2 sheng4	394-425	Did not exist
孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2	楊玄 yang2 xuan2	425-429	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊保宗 yang2 bao3 zong1	429 and 443	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊難當 yang2 nan2 dang1	429-441	Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440
Did not exist	楊保熾 yang2 bao3 chi4	442-443	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊文德 yang2 wen2 de2	443-454	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊元和 yang2 yuan2 he2	455-466	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1 si4	466-473	Did not exist
Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555
Did not exist	楊文度 yang2 wen2 du4	473-477	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊文弘 yang2 wen2 hong2	477-482	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊後起 yang2 hou4 qi3	482-486	Did not exist
An Wang (安王 an1 wang2)	楊集始 yang2 ji2 shi3	482-503	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊紹先 yang2 shao4 xian1	503-506, 534-535	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊智慧 yang2 zhi4 hui4	535-545	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊辟邪 yang2 bi4 xie2	545-553	Did not exist
Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person
Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century
Did not exist	楊廣香 yang2 guang3 xiang1	477-483?	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊炯 yang2 jiong3	483-495	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊崇祖 yang2 chong2 zu3	495-before 502	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊孟孫 yang2 meng4 sun1	before 502-511	Did not exist
Did not exist	楊定 yang2 ding4	511- ?	Did not exist
Chieftains of Tuoba Tribe 219-377 (as Kings of Dai 305?-377)
As a well known fact, Tuoba Family was the ruling family of Northern Wei Dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui. Hence Table of Northern Wei Dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.
Note: All chieftains were revered as emperors in Weishu and Beishi which they never were. They were denoted here as 王(wang2) which was inherited by all successors of Tuoba Yi Lu.
神元王 shen2 yuan2 wang2	拓拔力微 tou4 ba2 li4 wei2	219-277	Did not exist
Note: His temple name was Shi Zu\|始祖 shi2 zu3. Another column was not created since only he was the only chieftain before Tuoba Gui revered with a temple name
章王 zhang1 wang2	拓拔悉鹿 tou4 ba2 xi1 lu4	277-286	Did not exist
平王 ping2 wang2	拓拔綽 tou4 ba2 chuo4	286-293	Did not exist
思王 si1 wang2	拓拔弗 tou4 ba2 fu2	293-294	Did not exist
昭王 zhao1 wang2	拓拔祿官 tou4 ba2 lu4 guan1	294-307	Did not exist
穆王 mu4 wang2	拓拔猗 (㐌 - 拖 without 手) tou4 ba2 yi1 yi2	295-305	Did not exist
穆王 mu4 wang2	拓拔猗盧 tou4 ba2 yi1 lu2	295-316	Did not exist
Did not exist	拓拔普根 tou4 ba2 pu3 gen1	316	Did not exist
Did not exist	拓拔? tou4 ba2 ?	316	Did not exist
平文王 ping2 wen2 wang2	拓拔鬱律 tou4 ba2 yu4 luu4	316-321	Did not exist
惠王 hui4 wang2	拓拔賀傉 tou4 ba2 he4 ru4	321-325	Did not exist
煬王 yang2 wang2	拓拔紇那 tou4 ba2 he2 na3	325-329 and 335-337	Did not exist
烈王 lie4 wang2	拓拔翳槐 tou4 ba2 yi4 huai2	329-335 and 337-338	Did not exist
昭成王 zhao1 cheng2 wang2	拓拔什翼健 tou4 ba2 shi2 yi4 jian4	338-377	Jianguo (建國 jian4 guo2) 338-377

[edit] Northern and Southern Dynasties

**Sovereigns in the Northern and Southern Dynasties Period**
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Northern dynasty
Bei Northern Wei Dynasty 386-535
Convention: Bei (Northern) Wei + posthumous name
As a well known fact Tuoba family changed their family name to 元(yuan2) during the reign of Xiao Wen Di in 496 so we will also change from there.
道武帝 dao4 wu3 di4	拓拔珪 tou4 ba2 gui1	386-409	Dengguo (登國 deng1 guo2) 386-396 Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409
明元帝 ming2 yuan2 di4	拓拔嗣 tou4 ba2 si4	409-423	Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 409-413 Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4) 414-416 Taichang (泰常 tai4 chang2) 416-423
太武帝 tai4 wu3 di4	拓拔燾 tou4 ba2 tao2	424-452	Shiguang (始光 shi3 guang1) 424-428 Shenjia (神麚 shen2 jia1) 428-431 Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 432-434 Taiyan (太延 tai4 yan2) 435-440 Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tai4 ping2 zhen1 jun1) 440-451 Zhengping (正平 zheng4 ping2) 451-452
南安王 nan2 an1 wang2	拓拔余 tou4 ba2 yu2	452	Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) or Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 452
文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4	拓拔濬 tou4 ba2 jun4	452-465	Xingan (興安 xing1 an1) 452-454 Xingguang (興光 xing1 guang1) 454-455 Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 455-459 Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 460-465
獻文帝 xian4 wen2 di4	拓拔弘 tou4 ba2 hong2	466-471	Tianan (天安 tian1 an1) 466-467 Huangxing (皇興 huang2 xing1) 467-471
孝文帝 xiao4 wen2 di4	元宏 yuan2 hong2	471-499	Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 471-476 Chengming (承明 cheng2 ming2) 476 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 477-499
宣武帝 xuan1 wu3 di4	元恪 yuan2 ke4	500-515	Jingming (景明 jing3 ming2) 500-503 Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 504-508 Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 508-512 Yanchang (延昌 yan2 chang1) 512-515
孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4	元詡 yuan2 xu3	516-528	Xiping (熙平 xi1 ping2) 516-518 Shengui (神龜 shen2 gui1) 518-520 Zhengguang (正光 zheng4 guang1) 520-525 Xiaochang (孝昌 xiao4 chang1) 525-527 Wutai (武泰 wu3 tai4) 528
孝莊帝 xiao4 zhuang1 di4	元子攸 yuan2 zi5 you1	528-530	Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 528 Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 528-530
長廣王 chang2 guang3 wang2 or Jing Di\|敬帝 jing4 di4	元曄 yuan2 ye4	530-531	Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 530-531
節閔帝 jie2 min3 di4	元恭 yuan2 gong1	531-532	Putai (普泰 pu3 tai4) 531-532
安定王 an1 ding4 wang2 or Chu Di\|出帝 chu1 di4	元朗 yuan2 lang3	531-532	Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 531-532
孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4	元脩 yuan2 xiu1	532-535	Taichang (太昌 tai4 chang1) 532 Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 532 Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 532-535
Dong (Eastern) Wei Dynasty 534-550
Convention: Dong (Eastern) Wei + posthumous name
孝靜帝 xiao1 jing4 di4	元善見 yuan2 shan4 jian4	534-550	Tianping (天平 tian1 ping2) 534-537 Yuanxiang (元象 yuan2 xiang4) 538-539 Xinghe (興和 xing1 he2) 539-542 Wuding (武定 wu3 ding4) 543-550
Bei (Northern) Qi Dynasty 550-577
Convention: Bei (Northern) Qi + posthumous name
文宣帝 wen2 xuan1 di4	高洋 gao1 yang2	550-559	Tianbao (天保 tain1 bao3) 550-559
廢帝 fei4 di4	高殷 gao1 yin1	560	Qianming (乾明 qian1 ming2) 560
孝昭帝 xiao1 zhao1 di4	高演 gao1 yan3	560-561	Huangjian (皇建 huang2 jian4) 560-561
武成帝 wu3 cheng2 di4	高湛 gao1 zhan4	561-565	Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 561-562 Heqing (河清 he2 qing1) 562-565
後主 hou4 zhu3	高緯 gao1 wei3	565-577	Tiantong (天統 tian1 tong3) 565-569 Wuping (武平 wu3 ping2) 570-576 Longhua (隆化 long2 hua3 576
幼主 you4 zhu3	高恆 gao1 heng2	577	Chengguang (承光 cheng2 guang1) 577
范陽王 fan4 yang2 wang2	高紹義 gao1 shao4 yi4	577-579?	Did not exist
Xi (Western) Wei Dynasty 535-556
Convention: Xi (Western) Wei + posthumous name
文帝 wen2 di4	元寶炬 yuan2 bao3 ju4	535-551	Datong (大統 da4 tong3) 535-551
廢帝 fei4 di4	元欽 yuan2 qin1	552-554	Did not exist
恭帝 gong1 di4	元廓 yuan2 kuo4	554-556	Did not exist
Bei (Northern) Zhou Dynasty 557-581
Convention: Bei (Northern) Zhou + posthumous name
孝閔帝 xiao1 min3 di4	宇文覺 yu3 wen2 jue2	557	Did not exist
明帝 ming2 di4 or Xiao Ming Di\|孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4	宇文毓 yu3 wen2 yu4	557-560	Wucheng (武成 wu3 cheng2) 559-560
武帝 wu3 di4	宇文邕 yu3 wen2 yong1	561-578	Baoding (保定 bao3 ding4) 561-565 Tianhe (天和 tian1 he2) 566-572 Jiande (建德 jian4 de2) 572-578 Xuanzheng (宣政 xuan1 zheng4) 578
宣帝 xuan1 di4	宇文贇 yu3 wen2 yun1	579	Dacheng (大成 da4 cheng2) 579
靜帝 jing4 di4	宇文闡 yu3 wen2 chan3	579-581	Daxiang (大象 da4 xiang4) 579-581 Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 581
Southern dynasty 420-589
Song Dynasty (420-479)
Convention: Song + posthumous name, sometimes except Liu Yu who was referred using personal name.
武帝 wu3 jing4 di4	劉裕 liu3 yu4	420-422	Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 420-422
少帝 shao4 di4	劉義符 liu3 yi4 fu2	423-424	Jingping (景平 jing3 ping2) 423-424
文帝 wen2 di4	劉義隆 liu3 yi4 long2	424-453	Yuanjia (元嘉 yaun2 jia1) 424-453
孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4	劉駿 liu3 jun4	454-464	Xiaojian (元嘉 xiao1 jian4) 454-456 Daming (大明 da4 ming2) 457-464
前廢帝 qian2 fei4 di4	劉子業 liu3 zi5 ye4	465	Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 465 Jinghe (景和 jing3 he2) 465
明帝 ming2 di4	劉彧 liu3 yu4	465-472	Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 465-471 Taiyu (泰豫 tai4 yu4) 472
後廢帝 hou4 fei4 di4 or Cang Wu Wang\|蒼梧王 cang1 wu2 wang2	劉昱 liu3 yu4	473-477	Yuanhui (元徽 yuan2 hui1) 473-477
順帝 shun4 di4	劉準 liu3 zhun3	477-479	Shengming (昇明 sheng1 ming2) 477-479
Qi Dynasty 479-502
Convention: Qi + posthumous name
高帝 gao1 di4	蕭道成 xiao1 dao4 cheng2	479-482	Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 479-482
武帝 wu3 jing4 di4	蕭賾 xiao1 ze2	483-493	Yongming (永明 yong3 ming2) 483-493
鬱林王 yu4 lin2 wang2	蕭昭業 xiao1 zhao1 ye4	494	Longchang (隆昌 long2 chang1) 494
Hai Ling Wang (海陵王 hai3 ling2 wang2)	蕭昭文 xiao1 zhao1 wen2	494	Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 494
明帝 ming2 di4	蕭鸞 xiao1 luan2	494-498	Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 494-498 Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 498
Dong Hun Hou (東昏侯 dong1 hun1 hou2)	蕭寶卷 xiao1 bao3 juan3	499-501	Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 499-501
和帝 he2 di4	蕭寶融 xiao1 bao3 rong2	501-502	Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 501-502
Liang Dynasty (502-557)
Convention: Liang + posthumous name
Wu Di (武帝 wu3 jing4 di4)	Xiao Yan (蕭衍 xiao1 yan3)	502-549	Tianjian (天監 tian1 jian1) 502-519 Putong (普通 pu3 tong1) 520-527 Datong (大通 da4 tong1) 527-529 Zhongdatong (中大通 zhong1 da4 tong1) 529-534 Datong (大同 da4 tong2) 535-546 Zhongdatong (中大同 zhong1 da4 tong2) 546-547 Taiqing (太清 tai4 qing1) 547-549
Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4)	蕭綱 xiao1 gang1	549-551	Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 550-551
Yu Zhang Wang (豫章王 yu4 zhang1 wang2)	蕭棟 xiao1 dong4	551-552	Tianzheng (天正 tian1 zheng4) 551-552
Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)	蕭繹 xiao1 yi4	552-555	Chengsheng (承聖 cheng2 sheng4) 552-555
Zhen Yang Hou (貞陽侯 zhen1 yang2 hou2)	蕭淵明 xiao1 yuan1 ming2	555	Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 555
敬帝 jing4 di4	蕭方智 xiao1 fang1 zhi4	555-557	Shaotai (紹泰 shao4 tai4) 555-556 Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 556-557
Chen Dynasty 557-589
Convention: Chen + posthumous name
武帝 wu3 di4	陳霸先 chen2 ba4 xian1	557-559	Yongding (永定 yong3 ding4) 557-559
文帝 wen2 di4	陳蒨 chen2 qian4	560-566	Tianjia (天嘉 tian1 jia1) 560-566 Tiankang (天康 tian1 kang1) 566
廢帝 (Feì Dì) or 臨海王 (Lín Hǎi Wáng)	陳伯宗 chen2 bo2 zong1	567-568	Guangda (光大 guang1 da4) 567-568
宣帝 xuan1 di4	陳頊 chen2 xu1	569-582	Taijian (太建 tai4 jian4) 569-582
後主 hou4 zhu3	陳叔寶 chen2 shu2 bao3	583-589	Zhide (至德 zhi4 de2) 583-586 Zhenming (禎明 zhen1 ming2) 587-589

**Nan (Southern) Liang Dynasty 555-587**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: Nan (Southern) Liang + posthumous name
Note: some historians set Nan Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang Dynasty.
Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)	宣帝 xuan1 di4	蕭詧 xiao1 cha2	555-562	Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 555-562
Shi Zong (世4宗 zhong1 zong1)	孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4	蕭巋 xiao1 kui1	562-585	Tianbao (天保 tian1 bao3) 562-585
Did not exist	Xiao Jing Di\|孝靜帝 xiao4 jing4 di4 or Ju Gong\|莒公 ju3 gong1	蕭琮 xiao1 cong2	585-587	Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 585-587

[edit] Sui Dynasty

**Sui Dynasty 581-618**
Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: "Sui" + posthumous name
Wen Di 文帝 wen2 di4	楊堅 yang2 jian1	581-604	Kaihuang (開皇 kai1 huang2) 581-600 Renshou (仁壽 ren2 shou4) 601-604
Yang Di 煬帝 yang2 di4	楊廣 yang2 guang3	605-617	Daye (大業 da4 ye4) 605-617
Gong Di 恭帝 gong1 di4	楊侑 yang2 you4	617-618	Yining (義寧 yi4 ning2) 617-618

[edit] Tang Dynasty

For a list of Tang emperors on a separate page, click here.

**Tang Dynasty 618-690, 705-907**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟;號 )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
Convention: "Tang" + temple name
Gao Zu (Kao-Tsu) (高祖 gao1 zu3)	李淵 li3 yuan1	618-626	Wude (武德 wu3 de2) 618-626
Tai Zong (Tai-Tsung) (太宗 tai4 zong1)	李世民 li3 shi4 min2	627-649	Zhenguan (貞觀 zhen1 guan1) 627-649
Gao Zong (Kao-Tsung) (高宗 gao1 zong1)	李治 li3 zhi4	650-683	Yonghui (永徽 yong3 hui1) 650-655 Xianqing (顯慶 xian3 qing4) 656-661 Longshuo (龍朔 long2 shuo4) 661-663 Linde (麟德 lin2 de2) 664-665 Qianfeng (乾封 qian2 feng1) 666-668 Zongzhang (總章 zong3 zhang1) 668-670 Xianheng (咸亨 xian2 heng1) 670-674 Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 674-676 Yifeng (儀鳳 yi2 feng4) 676-679 Tiaolu (調露 tiao2 lu4) 679-680 Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 680-681 Kaiyao (開耀 kai1 yao4) 681-682 Yongchun (永淳 yong3 chun2) 682-683 Hongdao (弘道 hong2 dao4) 683
Zhong Zong (Chung-Tsung) (中宗 zhong1 zong1)	李顯 li3 xian3 or Li Zhe\|李哲 li3 zhe2	684, 705-710	Sisheng (嗣聖 si4 sheng4) 684 Shenlong (神龍 shen2 long2) 705-707 Jinglong (景龍 jing3 long2) 707-710<be>
Rui Zong (Jui-Tsung) (睿宗 rui4 zong1)	李旦 li3 dan4	684-690, 710-712	Wenming (文明 wen2 ming2) 684-690 Jingyun (景雲 jing3 yun2) 710-711 Taiji (太極 tai4 ji2) 712 Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 712
Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD)
Convention: family name + posthumous name
Wu Ze Tian (武則天 wu3 ze2 tian1) (no official temple name)	聖神 sheng4 shen2	690-705	Tianshou (天授 tian1 shou4) 690-692 Ruyi (如意 ru2 yi4) 692 Changshou (長壽 chang2 shou4) 692-694 Yanzai (延載 yan2 zai4) 694 Zhengsheng (證聖 zheng4 sheng4) 695 Tiancewansui (天冊萬歲 tian1 ce4 wan4 sui4) 695-696 Wansuidengfeng (萬歲登封 wan4 sui4 deng1 feng1) 696 Wansuitongtian (萬歲通天 wan4 sui4 tong1 tian1) 696-697 Shengong (神功 shen2 gong1) 697 Shengli (聖曆 sheng4 li4) 698-700 Jiushi (久視 jiu3 shi4) 700 Daju (大足 da4 ju2) 701 Changan (長安 chang2 an1) 701-705
Continuation of Tang Dynasty
Shang Di (殤帝 shang1 di4) see note below the table	李重茂 li3 chong2 mao4	710	Tanglong (唐隆 tang2 long2) 710
Xuan Zong (玄宗 xuan2 zong1)	李隆基 li3 long2 ji1	712-756	Xiantian (先天 xian1 tian1) 712-713 Kaiyuan (開元 kai1 yuan2) 713-741 Tianbao (天寶 tian1 bao3) 742-756
Su Zong (肅宗 su4 zong1)	李亨 li3 heng1	756-762	Jide (至德 zhi4 de2) 756-758 Qianyuan (乾元 qian2 yuan2) 758-760 Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 760-761
Dai Zong (代宗 dai4 zong1)	李豫 li3 yu4	762-779	Baoying (寶應 bao3 ying4) 762-763 Guangde (廣德 guang3 de2) 763-764 Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 765-766 Dali (大曆 da4 li4) 766-779
De Zong (德宗 de2 zong1)	李适 li3 gua1	780-805	Jianzhong (建中 1jian4 zhong1) 780-783 Xingyuan (興元 xing1 yuan2) 784 Zhenyuan (貞元 zhen1 yuan2) 785-805
Shun Zong (順宗 shun4 zong1)	李誦 li3 song4	805	Yongzhen (永貞 yong3 zhen1) 805
Xian Zong (憲宗 xian4 zong1)	李純 li3 chun2	806-820	Yuanhe (元和 yuan2 he2) 806-820
Mu Zong (穆宗 mu4 zong1)	李恆 li3 heng2	821-824	Changqing (長慶 chang2 qing4) 821-824
Jing Zong (敬宗 jing4 zong1)	李湛 li3 zhan4	824-826	Baoli (寶曆 bao3 li4) 824-826
Wen Zong (文宗 wen2 zong1)	李昂 li3 ang2	826-840	Baoli (寶曆 bao3 li4) 826 Dahe (大和 da4 he2) or Taihe (tai4 he2 太和) 827-835 Kaicheng (開成 kai1 cheng2) 836-840
Wu Zong (武宗 wu3 zong1)	李炎 li3 yan2	840-846	Huichang (會昌 hui4 chang1) 841-846
Xuan Zong (宣宗 xuan1 zong1)	李忱 li3 chen2	846-859	Dachong (大中 da4 chong1) 847-859
Yi Zong (懿宗 yi4 zong1)	李漼 li3 cui3	859-873	Dachong (大中 da4 chong1) 859 Xiantong (咸通 xian2 tong1) 860-873
Xi Zong (僖宗 xi1 zong1)	李儇 li3 xuan1	873-888	Xiantong (咸通 xian2 tong1) 873-874 Qianfu (乾符 qian2 fu2) 874-879 Guangming (廣明 guang3 ming2) 880-881 Zhonghe (中和 zhong1 he2) 881-885 Guangqi (光啟 guang1 qi3) 885-888 Wende (文德 wen2 de2) 888
Zhao Zong (昭宗 zhao1 zong1)	李曄 li3 ye4	888-904	Longji (龍紀 long2 ji4) 889 Dashun (大順 da4 shun4) 890-891 Jingfu (景福 jing3 fu2) 892-893 Qianning (乾寧 qian2 ning2) 894-898 Guanghua (光化 guang1 hua4) 898-901 Tianfu (天復 tian1 fu4) 901-904 Tianyou (天佑 tian1 you4) 904
Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) or 昭宣帝 zhao1 xuan1 di4 see note below	李柷 li3 zhu4	904-907	Tianyou (天佑 tian1 you4) 904-907

Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4), Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) and 昭宣帝 zhao1 xuan1 di4 are posthumous names. A new column for only three commonly used posthumous names was not be created since other Tang emperors are commonly referred using temple names.

[edit] Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

**Sovereigns in Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907-960**
Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)	Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )	Personal Names	Period of Reigns	Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their corresponding range of years
the Five Dynasties
Convention: name of dynasty + temple name or posthumous name
Hou (Later) Liang Dynasty 907-923
太祖 tai4 zu3	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	Zhu Wen\|朱溫 zhu1 wen1	907-912	Kaiping (開平 kai1 ping2) 907-911 Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912
Did not exist	末帝 mo4 di4	Zhu Zhen\|朱瑱 zhu1 zhen4	913-923	Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 913-915 Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921 Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923
Hou (Later) Tang Dynasty 923-936
莊宗 zhuang1 zong1	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	李存勗 li3 cun2 xu4	923-926	Tongguang (同光 tong2 guang1) 923-926
明宗 ming2 zong1	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	李嗣源 li3 si4 yuan2 or Li Dan\|李亶 li3 dan3	926-933	Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 926-930 Changxing (長興 chang2 xing1) 930-933
Did not exist	節閔帝 min3 di4	李從厚 li3 cong2 hou4	933-934	Yingshun (應順 ying4 shun4) 913-915
Did not exist	末帝 mo4 di4	李從珂 li3 cong2 ke1	934-936	Qingtai (清泰 qing1 tai4) 934-936
Hou (Later) Jin Dynasty 936-947
高祖 gao1 zu3	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	石敬瑭 shi4 jing4 tang2	936-942	Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 936-942
Did not exist	出帝 chu1 di4	石重貴 shi4 chong2 gui4	942-947	Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 942-944 Kaiyun (開運 kai1 yun4) 944-947
Hou (Later) Han Dynasty 947-950
高祖 gao1 zu3	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	劉知遠 liu3 zhi1 yuan3	947-948	Tianfu (天福 tian1 fu2) 947 Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948
Did not exist	隱帝 yin3 di4	劉承祐 liu3 cheng2 you4	948-950	Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948-950
Hou (Later) Zhou Dynasty 951-960
太祖 tai4 zu3	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	郭威 guo1 wei1	951-954	Guangshun (廣順 guang3 shun4) 951-954 Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954
Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1)	Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign	柴榮 chai2 rong2	954-959	Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954-959
Did not exist	恭帝 gong1 di4	柴宗訓 chai2 zong1 xun4	959-960	Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 959-960
the Ten Kingdoms
Convention: use personal names, noticed otherwise
Wu Yue Kingdom 904-978
太祖 tai4 zu3	武肅王 wu3 su4 wang2	錢鏐 qian2 liu2	904-932	Tianbao (天寶 tian1 bao3) 908-923 Baoda (寶大 bao3 da4) 923-925 Baozheng (寶正 bao3 zheng4) 925-932
Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1)	文穆王 wen2 mu4 wang2	錢元瓘 qian2 yuan2 guan4	932-941	Did not exist
Cheng Zong 成宗 cheng2 zong1)	忠獻王 zhong1 xian4 wang2	錢佐 qian2 zuo3	941-947	Did not exist
Did not exist	忠遜王 zhong1 x