List of state leaders in 1986
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1985 state leaders - Events of 1986 - 1987 state leaders - State leaders by year
Contents |
[edit] Africa
- Algeria
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister - Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime Minister of Algeria (1984-1988)
- Angola -
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979-present)
- Benin -
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972-1991)
- Botswana -
- President - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980-1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- President - Thomas Sankara, President of Burkina Faso (1983-1987)
- Burundi -
- President - Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President of Burundi (1976-1987)
- Cameroon -
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982-present)
- Cape Verde
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975-1991)
- Central African Republic
- President - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981-1993)
- Chad
- President - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982-1990)
- Comoros -
- President - Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978-1989)
- Congo -
- President - Denis Sassou-Nguesso, President of Congo (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister - Ange-Édouard Poungui, Prime Minister of Congo (1984-1989)
- Côte d'Ivoire -
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960-1993)
- Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977-1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978-2001)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982-1992)
- Ethiopia -
- President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1977-1991)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-2009)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975-1994)
- The Gambia -
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970-1994)
- Ghana -
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981-2001)
- Guinea -
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984-2008)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- President - João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984-1994)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
- Lesotho -
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1970-1990)
- Head of Government -
- Leabua Jonathan, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1965-1986)[1]
- Justin Metsing Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1986-1991)
- Liberia -
- President - Samuel K. Doe, President of Liberia (1980-1990)
- Libya -
- De facto Head of State - Muammar al-Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969-present)
- Nominal Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1984-1990)
- Head of Government -
- Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975-1993)
- Prime Minister - Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1977-1988)
- Malawi -
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966-1994)
- Mali
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968-1991)
- Prime Minister - Mamadou Dembelé, Prime Minister of Mali (1986-1988)
- Mauritania
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984-1992)
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968-1992)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Cassam Moollan, Acting Governor-General of Mauritius (1985-1986)
- Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986-1992)
- Prime Minister - Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982-1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- François Bonnelle, Prefect of Mayotte (1984-1986)
- Guy Dupuis, Prefect of Mayotte (1986)
- Akli Khider, Prefect of Mayotte (1986-1988)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976-1991)
- Prefect -
- Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1983–1986)
- Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
- Western Sahara (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic) (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976-present)
- Prime Minister - Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (1985-1988)
- Mozambique -
- President -
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
- Niger -
- President - Seyni Kountché, President of the Supreme Military Council of Niger (1974-1987)
- Prime Minister - Hamid Algabid, Prime Minister of Niger (1983-1988)
- Nigeria -
- President - Ibrahim Babangida, President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria (1985-1993)
- Rwanda -
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973-1994)
- Saint Helena (British overseas territory)
- Governor - Francis Eustace Baker, Governor of Saint Helena (1984-1988)
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975-1991)
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- President - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985-1992)
- Somalia -
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969-1991)
- South Africa -
- President - Pieter Willem Botha, State President of South Africa (1984-1989)
- South West Africa (former League of Nations mandate under illegally continued administration by South Africa)
- Administrator-General - Louis Pienaar, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1985-1990)
- Chairman of the Government -
- Moses Katjikuru Katjiuongua, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1985-1986)
- Fanuel Kozonguizi, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1986)
- Andrew Matjila, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1986)
- Dirk Mudge, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1986)
- Ebenezer van Zijl, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1986-1987)
- Sudan -
- President -
- Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, President of the Sudan (1985-1986)
- Ahmad al-Mirghani, President of the Sudan (1986-1989)
- Prime Minister -
- Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1985-1986)
- Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime Minister of the Sudan (1986-1989)
- President -
- Swaziland
- Monarch -
- Queen Ntombi, Regent of Swaziland (1983-1986)
- Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Prince Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1983-1986)
- Sotsha Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986-1989)
- Monarch -
- Tanzania
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985-1995)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Sinde Warioba, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985-1990)
- Zanzibar (semi-autonomous region)
- President - Idris Abdul Wakil, President of Zanzibar (1985-1990)
- Chief Minister - Seif Shariff Hamad, Chief Minister of Zanzibar (1984-1988)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
- Tunisia -
- President - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (1957-1987)
- Prime Minister -
- Mohammed Mzali, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1980-1986)
- Rachid Sfar, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1986–1987)
- Uganda
- President -
- Tito Okello, Chairman of the Military Council of Uganda (1985-1986)
- Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986-)
- Prime Minister -
- Abraham Waligo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1985-1986)
- Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986-1991)
- President -
- Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965-1997)
- Head of Government - Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1982-1986)
- Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964-1991)
- Prime Minister - Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-1989)
- Zimbabwe
- President - Canaan Banana, President of Zimbabwe (1980-1987)
- Prime Minister - Robert Mugabe, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980-1987)
[edit] Asia
- Afghanistan
- Communist Party Leader -
- President -
- Babrak Karmal, President of Afghanistan (1979-1986)
- Haji Mohammad Chamkani, President of Afghanistan (1986-1987)
- Prime Minister - Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1981-1988)
- Bangladesh -
- President - Hossain Mohammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Ataur Rahman Khan, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1984–1986)
- Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1986–1988)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972-2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[2]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Burma -
- President - San Yu, President of Burma (1981-1988)
- Prime Minister - Maung Maung Kha, Prime Minister of Burma (1977-1988)
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping (late 1970s - early 1990s)
- Head of Communist Party - Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1981-1987)[3]
- President - Li Xiannian, President of the People's Republic of China (1983-1988)
- Premier - Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the People's Republic of China (1980-1987)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Sir Edward Youde, Governor of Hong Kong (1982–1986)
- Sir David Akers-Jones, Acting Governor of Hong Kong (1986–1987)
- Governor -
- India -
- President - Zail Singh, President of India (1982-1987)
- Prime Minister - Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984-1989)
- Indonesia -
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Japan -
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926-1989)
- Prime Minister - Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan (1982-1987)
- Kampuchea -
- Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981-1991)
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Kampuchea (1979-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Kampuchea (1985–present)
- North Korea -
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party (1948-1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972-1994)
- Premier -
- Kang Song-san, Premier of North Korea (1984-1986)
- Li Gun Mo, Premier of North Korea (1986-1988)
- South Korea -
- President - Chun Doo-hwan, President of South Korea (1980-1988)
- Prime Minister - Roh Shin Yeong, Prime Minister of South Korea (1985-1987)
- Laos -
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975-1992)
- President -
- Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975-1991)
- Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986-1991)
- Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975-1991)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor -
- Vasco de Almeida e Costa, Governor of Macau (1981-1986)
- Joaquim Pinto Machado, Governor of Macau (1986-1987)
- Governor -
- Malaysia -
- Monarch - Sultan Iskandar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1984-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir bin Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981-2003)
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia -
- Communist Party Leader - Jambyn Batmönkh, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984-1990)
- President - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1984-1990)
- Premier - Dumaagiin Sodnom, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1984-1990)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (1983-1986)
- Nagendra Prasad Rijal, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986)
- Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986-1990)
- Pakistan -
- President - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (1978-1988)
- Prime Minister - Muhammad Khan Junejo, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1985-1988)
- Philippines
- President -
- Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (1965-1986)
- Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986-1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Cesar Virata, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1981-1986)
- Salvador Laurel, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1986)
- President -
- Singapore -
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985-1993)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959-1990)[4]
- Sri Lanka -
- President - Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
- Prime Minister - Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978-1989)
- Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (1978-1988)
- Premier - Yu Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China (1984-1989)
- Thailand -
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946-present)
- Prime Minister - Prem Tinsulanonda, Prime Minister of Thailand (1980-1988)
- Vietnam -
- Communist Party Leader -
- President - Trường Chinh, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1981-1987)
- Prime Minister - Phạm Văn Đồng, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (1976-1987)[5]
[edit] Australia and Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - A. P. Lutali, Governor of American Samoa (1985-1989)
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982-1989)
- Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983-1991)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - John Alexander Matthew, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1985-1988)
- Head of Government -
- Fiji -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Fiji (1970-1987)
- Governor General - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, Governor-General of Fiji (1983-1987)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1967-1987)[6]
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1984–1987)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Ricardo Bordallo, Governor of Guam (1983-1987)
- Kiribati -
- President - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
- Marshall Islands
- gained independence on 21 October 1986, previously part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)
- Federated States of Micronesia
- gained independence on 3 November 1986, previously part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
- President - Tosiwo Nakayama, President of the Federated States of Micronesia (1979–1987)
- Nauru -
- President -
- Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1978-1986)
- Kennan Adeang, President of Nauru (1986)
- Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986)
- Kennan Adeang, President of Nauru (1986)
- Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986-1989)
- President -
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Fernand Wibaux, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1985-1986)
- Bernard Lemaire, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1986)
- Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1986-1987)
- President of the Government - Dick Ukeiwé, President of the Executive Council of New Caledonia (1984-1988)
- High Commissioner -
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952-present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984-1989)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- New Zealand Representative - Lance A. Beath, New Zealand Representative in the Cook Islands (1985-1987)
- Queen's Representative - Tangaroa Tangaroa, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Tom Davis, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1983-1987)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- New Zealand Representative - John Springford, New Zealand Representative in Niue (1984-1991)
- Prime Minister - Sir Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974-1992)
- Tokelau (territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Harold Huyton Francis, Administrator of Tokelau (1984–1988)
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Kingsford Dibela, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983-1989)
- Prime Minister - Paias Wingti, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1985-1988)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Terence Daniel O'Leary, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1984-1987)
- Mayor - Brian Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1984-1991)
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Baddeley Devesi, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1978–1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Peter Kenilorea, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1984–1986)
- Ezekiel Alebua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986–1989)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[7]
- Prime Minister - Tu'i Pelehake (Fatafehi), Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)[8]
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (UN Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- High Commissioner - Janet J. McCoy, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1981-1987)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the U.S. from 4 November 1986)
- Governor - Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1982–1990)
- Palau (autonomous territory)
- President - Lazarus Salii, President of Palau (1985-1988)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978-present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1978-1986)
- Sir Tupua Leupena, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986-1990)
- Prime Minister - Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981-1989)
- Vanuatu -
- President - Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)[9]
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior -
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Va'ai Kolone, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1985-1988)
[edit] Europe
- Albania -
- Communist Party Leader - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985-1991)
- Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982-1991)
- Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981-1991)
- Andorra -
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Personal Representative - Louis Deblé (1984-1989)
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971-2003)
- Personal Representative - Francesc Badia (1972-1993)
- French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981-1995)
- Head of Government - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984-1990)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cerqueda Pascuet, First Syndic of Andorra (1982-1990)
- Co-Princes -
- Austria -
- President -
- Rudolf Kirchschläger, President of Austria (1974–1986)
- Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria (1986–1992)
- Chancellor -
- Fred Sinowatz, Chancellor of Austria (1983–1986)
- Franz Vranitzky, Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- President -
- Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (1951-1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1981-1992)
- Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954-1989)
- Head of State - Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the State Council of Bulgaria (1971-1989)
- Premier -
- Cyprus -
- President - Spyros Kyprianou, President of Cyprus (1977-1988)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975-2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985-1994)
- Czechoslovakia -
- Communist Party Leader - Gustáv Husák, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1969-1987)
- President - Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975-1989)
- Prime Minister - Lubomír Strougal, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1970-1988)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972-present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982-1993)
- Faroe Islands (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Prime Minister - Atli Dam, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (1985-1989)
- Greenland (autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Prime Minister - Jonathan Motzfeldt, Prime Minister of Greenland (1979-1991)
- Finland
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982-1994)
- Prime Minister - Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (1982-1987)
- Åland (autonomous province)
- Governor - Henrik Gustavsson, Governor of Åland (1982-1999)
- Premier - Folke Woivalin, Premier of Åland (1979-1988)
- France -
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981-1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Laurent Fabius, Prime Minister of France (1984-1986)
- Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister of France (1986-1988)
- East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
- Communist Party Leader - Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971-1989)
- Head of State - Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976-1989)
- Premier - Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976-1989)
- West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, President of West Germany (1984-1994)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of West Germany (1982-1998)
- Greece
- President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981-1989)
- Mount Athos (autonomous monastic state)
- Spiritual Leader - Demetrios I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1972-1991)
- Hungary
- Communist Party Leader - János Kádár, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1956-1988)
- Head of State - Pál Losonczi, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1967-1987)
- Premier - György Lázár, President of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1975-1987)
- Iceland
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980-1996)
- Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1983-1987)
- Ireland
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976-1990)
- Prime Minister - Garret FitzGerald, Taoiseach of Ireland (1982-1987)
- Italy -
- President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Bettino Craxi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1983-1987)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938-1989)
- Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984-1989)
- Head of Government - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978-1993)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964-2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984-1995)
- Malta
- President - Agatha Barbara, President of Malta (1982-1987)
- Prime Minister - Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Prime Minister of Malta (1984-1987)
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949-2005)
- Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985-1991)
- The Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980-present)
- Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982-1994)
- Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957-1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Kåre Willoch, Prime Minister of Norway (1981-1986)
- Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986-1989)
- Poland
- Communist Party Leader - Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981-1989)
- President - Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1985-1990)
- Premier - Zbigniew Messner, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1985-1988)
- Portugal -
- President -
- António Ramalho Eanes, President of Portugal (1976-1986)
- Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986-1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985-1995)
- Azores (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - João Bosco Soares Mota Amaral, President of the Autonomous Regional Government of the Azores (1976-1995)
- Madeira (autonomous region)
- President of the Government - Alberto João Jardim, President of the Regional Government of Madeira (1978–present)
- President -
- Romania -
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965-1989)
- President - Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967-1989)
- Premier - Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982-1989)
- San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Pier Paolo Gasperoni and Ubaldo Biordi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1985–1986)
- Marino Venturini and Ariosto Maiani, Captains Regent of San Marino (1986–1986)
- Giuseppe Arzilli and Maurizio Tomassoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1986–1987)
- Captains Regent -
- Soviet Union -
- Communist Party Leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)
- Head of State - Andrei Gromyko, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1985-1988)
- Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)
- Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975-present)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982-1996)
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (1982-1986)
- Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986-1991)
- Switzerland -
- Swiss Federal Council:
- Kurt Furgler (1971-1986), Pierre Aubert (1978-1987), Leon Schlumpf (1979-1987), Alphons Egli (1982-1986, President), Otto Stich (1983-1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983-1998), Elisabeth Kopp (1984-1989), Arnold Koller (1986-1999), Flavio Cotti (1986-1999)
- Swiss Federal Council:
- Turkey -
- President - Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982-1989)
- Prime Minister - Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983-1989)
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952-present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979-1990)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Alexander Boswell, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
- Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982-1992)
- Alderney (self-governing island)
- Head of Government - Jon Kay-Mouat, President of the States of Alderney (1977-1994)
- Sark (self-governing island)
- Seigneur - John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974–present)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir William Pillar, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985-1990)
- Bailiff - Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986-1995)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Laurence New, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1985-1990)
- Head of Government -
- Edgar Mann, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Isle of Man (1985-1986)
- Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986-1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Peter Terry, Governor of Gibraltar (1985-1989)
- Chief Minister - Sir Joshua Hassan, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1972-1987)
- Vatican City
- Pope - John Paul II, Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City (1978-2005)
- Secretary of State - Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979-1990)
- President - Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City State (1984-1990)
- Yugoslavia
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Radovan Vlajković, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1985-1986)
- Sinan Hasani, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1986-1987)
- Premier -
[edit] Middle East
- Bahrain -
- Monarch - Isa ibn Salman al-Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961-1999)[10]
- Prime Minister - Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970-present)[11]
- Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981-present)
- Prime Minister -
- Ali Lutfi Mahmud, Prime Minister of Egypt (1985-1986)
- Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986-1996)
- Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979-1989)
- President - Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981-1989)
- Prime Minister - Mir Hossein Moussavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981-1989)
- Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979-1991)
- Israel
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel (1984-1986)
- Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986-1992)
- Jordan -
- Monarch - Hussein I, King of Jordan (1952-1999)
- Prime Minister - Zaid ar-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1985-1989)
- Kuwait -
- Monarch - Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977-2006)
- Prime Minister - Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978-2003)
- Lebanon -
- President - Amin Gemayel, President of Lebanon (1982-1988)
- Prime Minister - Rashid Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1984-1987)
- Oman -
- Monarch - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Oman (1970-present)
- Prime Minister - Qabus ibn Sa'id, Prime Minister of Oman (1972-present)
- Qatar -
- Monarch - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972-1995)
- Prime Minister - Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970-1995)[12]
- Saudi Arabia -
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982-2005)
- Syria -
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971-2000)
- Prime Minister - Abdul Rauf al-Kasm, Prime Minister of Syria (1980-1987)
- United Arab Emirates -
- President - Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971-2004)
- Prime Minister - Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979-1990)
- North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of North Yemen (1978-1990)[13]
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1983-1990)
- South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- President -
- Prime Minister -
- Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1971-1986)
- Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1986-1990)
[edit] North America and the Caribbean
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Alastair Turner Baillie, Governor of Anguilla (1983-1987)
- Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984-1994)
- Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)[14]
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)[15]
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- seceded from the Netherlands Antilles on 1 January 1986
- Governor - Felipe Tromp, Governor of Aruba (1986–1992)
- Prime Minister - Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1986–1989)
- The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Gerald Cash, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1979–1988)
- Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)[16]
- Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Bernard St. John, Prime Minister of Barbados (1985–1986)
- Errol Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1986–1987)
- Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Morrison, Viscount Dunrossil, Governor of Bermuda (1983-1988)
- Premier - John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982-1995)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- David Robert Barwick, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1982-1986)
- J. Mark A. Herdman, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1986-1991)
- Premier -
- Cyril Romney, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1983-1986)
- Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986-1995)
- Governor -
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952-present)
- Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General of Canada (1984-1990)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984-1993)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - George Peter Lloyd, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1982-1987)
- Costa Rica -
- President -
- Luis Alberto Monge, President of Costa Rica (1982–1986)
- Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (1986–1990)
- President -
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965-present)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
- Dominican Republic -
- President -
- Salvador Jorge Blanco, President of the Dominican Republic (1982–1986)
- Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
- President -
- El Salvador -
- President - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984–1989)
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Prime Minister - Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984-1989)
- Guatemala
- President -
- Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, Chief of State of Guatemala (1983-1986)
- Vinicio Cerezo, President of Guatemala (1986-1991)
- President -
- Haiti -
- President -
- Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life of Haiti (1971-1986)
- Henri Namphy, Chairman of the National Council of Haiti (1986-1988)
- President -
- Honduras
- President -
- Roberto Suazo Córdova, President of Honduras (1982-1986)
- José Azcona del Hoyo, President of Honduras (1986-1990)
- President -
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973-1991)
- Prime Minister - Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980-1989)
- Mexico -
- President - Miguel de la Madrid, President of Mexico (1982–1988)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Arthur Christopher Watson, Governor of Montserrat (1985-1987)
- Chief Minister - John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1978-1991)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - René A. Römer, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1983-1990)
- Prime Minister -
- Nicaragua
- President - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985-1990)
- Panama
- De facto leader - Manuel Noriega, Commandant of the Panamanian Defense Forces (1983-1989)
- President - Eric Arturo Delvalle, President of Panama (1985-1988)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)[17]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)[18]
- Nevis (autonomous island)
- Deputy Governor-General - Weston Parris, Deputy Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983-1992)
- Premier - Simeon Daniel, Premier of Nevis (1983–1992)
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Allen Montgomery Lewis, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1982–1987)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982-1996)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Bernard Leurquin, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1985-1987)
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984-1994)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Joseph Lambert Eustace, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985-1988)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984-2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - Ellis Clarke, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1972-1987)[19]
- Prime Minister -
- George Chambers, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1981-1986)
- A. N. R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1991)
- Tobago (autonomous island)
- Chairman -
- A. N. R. Robinson, Chairmen of the House of Assembly of Tobago (1980-1986)
- Jeff Davidson, Chairmen of the House of Assembly of Tobago (1986-1989)
- Chairman -
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Christopher J. Turner, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1982-1987)
- Chief Minister -
- United States of America
- President - Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981-1989)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1985-1993)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Juan Francisco Luis, Governor of US Virgin Islands (1978-1987)
[edit] South America
- Argentina -
- President - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983-1989)
- Bolivia -
- President - Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985-1989)
- Brazil -
- President - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985-1990)
- Chile -
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973-1990)
- Colombia -
- President -
- Belisario Betancur, President of Colombia (1982-1986)
- Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-1990)
- President -
- Ecuador -
- President - León Febres Cordero, President of Ecuador (1984-1988)
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Gordon Wesley Jewkes, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1985-1988)
- Guyana -
- President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985-1992)
- Paraguay -
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954-1989)
- Peru -
- President - Alan García Pérez, President of Peru (1985-1990)
- Prime Minister - Luis Alva Castro, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1985-1987)
- Suriname -
- De facto leader - Dési Bouterse, Chairman of the National Military Council (1980-1988)
- President - Ramdat Misier, Acting President of Suriname (1982-1988)
- Prime Minister -
- Wim Udenhout, Prime Minister of Suriname (1984-1986)
- Pretaapnarian Radhakishun, Prime Minister of Suriname (1986-1987)
- Uruguay -
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1985-1990)
- Venezuela -
- President - Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984-1989)
[edit] References
- ^ Lesotho only became independent in 1966.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Hu Yaobang was Chairman of the Communist Party of China 1981-1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China 1980-1987, but the latter post only became the top position of the party on 12 September 1982.
- ^ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
- ^ Previously prime minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
- ^ Fiji only became independent in 1970, until when Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara was titled Chief Minister of Fiji.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
- ^ Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Subsequently President of Yemen from 1990.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
- ^ The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
- ^ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.
- ^ Ellis Clarke was titled Governor-General of Trinidad and Tobago between 1972 and 1976 under the monarchy.

