Northern Wars
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- For the 16th century war, see Northern Seven Years' War. For the 18th century war, see Great Northern War. For the 19th century war in New Zealand, see Flagstaff War.
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The Northern Wars (1655–1661) (Polish: Druga Wojna Północna, Second Northern War) is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Deluge, 1655–1660), Russia (1656–1661), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657–1660), the Holy Roman Empire (1657–60) and Denmark-Norway (1657–1658, 1658–1660). The same wars are sometimes referred differently in other countries: for example in Poland The Deluge sometimes is a name for the series of wars against Sweden, Brandenburg, Russia, Transylvania and Cossacks. In these conflicts England was consistently an ally of Sweden whereas the Dutch Republic often intervened against the Swedes.
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[edit] The wars
- The Deluge (history) - Sweden vs Lithuania, Poland
- Russo–Swedish War (1656–1658)
- Dano-Swedish War (1657-1658)
- Dano-Swedish War (1658-1660)
- Dutch-Swedish War (1658-1660)
[edit] Timeline of events
- 1655: Sweden, seizing on an opportunity granted by Russia's partial invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, invades the other half in a bid for control of the opposing shore of the sea
- 1656: Russia declares war on Sweden, Battle of Warsaw (1656)
- 1657: the Holy Roman Empire, and Denmark-Norway declare war on Sweden
- 1658: the Holy Roman Empire stops fighting
- 1658: March across the Belts
- 1658: Denmark signs the Treaty of Roskilde with Sweden
- 1658: Sweden breaks the Treaty of Roskilde with Denmark, the Dutch consequently destroy the Swedish fleet in the Battle of the Sound
- 1659: The Swedish assault on Copenhagen is repulsed
- 1659: The Dutch liberate the Danish Isles.
- 1660: Denmark signs the Treaty of Copenhagen with Sweden
- 1660: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth signs the Treaty of Oliva with Sweden
- 1660: The Holy Roman Empire and Norway stop fighting
- 1661: Russia signs the Treaty of Kardis with Sweden
- 1674: Sweden invades and occupies Brandenburg after prompting from Louis XIV
- 1675: Sweden ejected from Brandenburg after Battle of Fehrbellin
- 1678: Sweden invades and occupies Ducal Prussia but army is destroyed due to The Great Sleigh Drive
[edit] Peace Treaties
- Treaty of Roskilde with Denmark (February 26, 1658)
- Treaty of Oliva with Poland (April 23, 1660)
- Treaty of Copenhagen with Denmark (May 27, 1660)
- Treaty of Kardis with Russia (June 21, 1661)
[edit] See also
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