Prostaglandin analogue

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Synthetic prostaglandin analogues are molecules which are manufactured to bind to a prostaglandin receptor.

Wider use of prostaglandin analogues is limited by unwanted side effects and their abortive potential.

[edit] Uses

• Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are used in treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers. They exert antisecretory and cytoprotective properties and are especially indicated for the elderly on continuous doses of NSAIDs.

• Prostaglandin analogues can also be used in the management of open-angle glaucoma. They reduce intra-ocular pressure by enhancing uveoscleral outflow and may also have some effect on the trabecular meshwork as well. Latanoprost, travoprost, unoprostone and bimatoprost are examples of prostaglandin analogues used in the management of open-angle glaucoma. In some countries such as Australia, they are now considered first line agents in open-angle glaucoma (rather than beta blockers)^[1]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• MeSH Prostaglandin+Analogues

v • d • e Drugs for acid related disorders: Drugs for peptic ulcer and GERD/GORD (A02B) H2 antagonists ("-idine") Cimetidine · Famotidine · Lafutidine · Niperotidine · Nizatidine · Ranitidine · Roxatidine Prostaglandins (E)/analogues ("-prost-") Misoprostol · Enprostil Proton pump inhibitors ("-prazole") Dexlansoprazole · Esomeprazole · Lansoprazole · Omeprazole · Pantoprazole · Rabeprazole · Tenatoprazole Other Carbenoxolone · Cetraxate · Gefarnate · Pirenzepine · Sucralfate · Teprenone · Troxipide

v • d • e Antithrombotics (thrombolytics, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs) (B01) Antiplatelet drugs Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors Abciximab • Eptifibatide • Tirofiban ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors (Thienopyridines) Clopidogrel • Ticlopidine • Prasugrel Prostaglandin analogue (PGI2) Beraprost • Prostacyclin • Iloprost • Treprostinil COX inhibitors Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin # • Aloxiprin • Carbasalate calcium Other Ditazole • Cloricromen • Dipyridamole • Indobufen • Picotamide • Triflusal Anticoagulants Vitamin K antagonists (inhibit II, VII, IX, X) coumarins: Acenocoumarol • Coumatetralyl • Dicoumarol (Dicumarol) • Ethyl biscoumacetate • Phenprocoumon • Warfarin 1,3-Indandiones: Clorindione • Diphenadione • Phenindione other: Tioclomarol Factor Xa inhibitors (with some II inhibition) Heparin group/ glycosaminoglycans/ (bind antithrombin) low molecular weight heparin (Bemiparin, Certoparin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Nadroparin, Parnaparin, Reviparin, Tinzaparin) oligosaccharides (Fondaparinux, Idraparinux) heparinoid (Danaparoid, Sulodexide, Dermatan sulfate) Direct Xa inhibitors xabans (Apixaban, Otamixaban, Rivaroxaban) Direct thrombin (II) inhibitors bivalent: Hirudin (Bivalirudin, Lepirudin, Desirudin) univalent: Argatroban • Dabigatran • Melagatran • Ximelagatran Other Defibrotide • Ramatroban • Antithrombin III • Protein C (Drotrecogin alfa) Thrombolytic drugs/ fibrinolytics plasminogen activators: TPA (Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase) • UPA (Urokinase, Saruplase) • Streptokinase # • Anistreplase • Monteplase other serine endopeptidases: Ancrod • Fibrinolysin Brinase Non-medicinal Citrate • EDTA • Oxalate #WHO-EM. †Undergoing clinical trials, not FDA approved. ‡Withdrawn from market. §Development halted.

v • d • e Oxytocics (G02A) Ergot alkaloids Methylergometrine - Ergot alkaloids - Ergometrine Prostaglandins (E/F) Dinoprost - Dinoprostone - Prostaglandin analogues (Gemeprost, Carboprost, Sulprostone)

v • d • e Ophthalmologicals: antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E) Sympathomimetics Apraclonidine • Brimonidine • Clonidine • Dipivefrine • Epinephrine Parasympathomimetics muscarinic Aceclidine • Pilocarpine muscarinic/nicotinic Acetylcholine • Carbachol Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Demecarium • Ecothiopate • Stigmine (Fluostigmine, Neostigmine, Physostigmine) • Paraoxon Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/ (sulfonamides) Acetazolamide • Brinzolamide • Diclofenamide • Dorzolamide • Methazolamide Beta blocking agents Befunolol • Betaxolol • Carteolol • Levobunolol • Metipranolol • Timolol Prostaglandin analogues (F2α) Bimatoprost • Latanoprost • Tafluprost • Travoprost • Unoprostone Other agents Dapiprazole • Guanethidine

v • d • e Autacoids, unsaturated fatty acids: Eicosanoids Precursor Arachidonic acid Prostanoids Prostaglandins (PG) and analogues Precursor H2 Active D/J D2 E/F E2 (Dinoprostone): Enprostil · Sulprostone E1 (Alprostadil): Misoprostol · Gemeprost F2α (Dinoprost): Bimatoprost · Carboprost · Latanoprost · Tafluprost · Travoprost · Unoprostone I I2 (Prostacyclin/Epoprostenol): Beraprost · Iloprost · Treprostinil Thromboxanes (TX) A2 · B2 Leukotrienes (LT) Precursor Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide Initial A4 · B4 SRS-A C4 · D4 · E4 Nonclassic Lipoxins (A4, B4) · Virodhamine By function bronchoconstriction (PGF2α, TXA2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) vasoconstriction (PGF2α, TXA2, TXB2) · vasodilation (PGE2, PGI2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) platelets: induce (TXA2) inhibit (PGD2, PGI2) · leukocytes: induce (TXA2, LTB4) inhibit (PGD2, PGE2) labor stimulation: (PGE2 (Dinoprostone), PGF2α (Dinoprost)) see also enzymes