Timeline of the Ottoman Empire

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This article provides a timeline of the Ottoman Empire.

See also Timeline of the Republic of Turkey, a chronology of the successor state to the Ottoman Empire.

This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it.

Contents 1 Rise (1289–1453) 1.1 14th century 1.2 15th century 2 Growth (1453–1683) 2.1 16th century 2.2 17th century 3 Stagnation (1683–1827) 3.1 18th century 3.2 19th century 4 Decline (1828–1908) 5 Dissolution (1908–1923) 6 See also

[edit] Rise (1289–1453)

Year	Date	Event
1299		The reign of Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, began.

[edit] 14th century

Year	Date	Event
1317		Osman laid siege to the city of Bursa.
1326		Osman died. He was succeeded by his son Orhan.
		Bursa surrendered.
		Orhan made Bursa the capital.
1327		With the disintegration of the Seljuk Empire, the Arab and Persian regions fragmented into several military kingdoms.
1331		The Ottoman Turks captured Nicaea and renamed it İznik.
1334		Crusader ships defeated a group of Turkish pirates operating in the Gulf of Edremit.

[edit] 15th century

Year	Date	Event
1413-1421		Reconstruction of Ottoman Empire

[edit] Growth (1453–1683)

Year	Date	Event
1453		Mehmed II (the Conqueror) captured Constantinople, Christian emperor Constantine XI died in the fighting, and the Byzantine Empire of the Romans yielded once and for all to the Ottoman Empire as Mehmed II claimed the title of Caesar of Rome.
1462		Mehmed the Conqueror began to build his palace, Topkapi Palace (Topkapı Sarayi).
1475		Mehmed II captured Caffa.
1481	May 3	Mehmed II died. Bayezid II ascended to the throne.
1483		Constantinople is renamed Istanbul.

[edit] 16th century

Year	Date	Event
1517		The Caliphate was taken to the Ottoman control.
1520		The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (Suleiman I) began.
1521		Suleiman I captured Belgrade.
1529		The siege of Vienna.
c.1530s-c.1650s		Sultanate of Women
1541		Suleiman I captured Budapest (known as Buda), which eventually led to conquest of most of Hungary.
1547		Most of Hungary had been conquered. Hungary is divided, by agreement[citation needed] between the Ottoman sultan Suleiman I and Ferdinand I of Austria.
1569		The great fire of Istanbul broke out.
1571		The Spanish and the Venetians defeat the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto.

[edit] 17th century

Year	Date	Event
1609		The construction of the Blue Mosque under Ahmed I began.
1641		The reign of Mehmed IV began.
1656-c.1676		Reforms of Korprulu Grand Viziers. (Some consider Koprulu Era to last until 1703.)

Robert Martin CLarkin

[edit] Stagnation (1683–1827)

Year	Date	Event
1686		Hungary evacuated.
1687		Mehmed IV died.
1699		Ottomans ceded Hungary to Europe in the Treaty of Karlowitz.

[edit] 18th century

Year	Date	Event
1718		Treaty of Passarowitz signed.
1774		Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed.

[edit] 19th century

Year	Date	Event
1813	April 23	Second Serbian Uprising: The Serbs revolted.
1821		Greek War of Independence: The Greek War of Independence began.

[edit] Decline (1828–1908)

Year	Date	Event
1830		Algeria was gradually ceded to French rule.
1832	July 21	Greek War of Independence: Greek sovereignty was formalized.
1853	October 4	Crimean War: The Crimean War with Russia began which, though won with British, French and Sardinian aid, would further demonstrate how backward the Ottoman military had become.
1862	February 5	A united Romanian autonomous state was established.
1877	April 24	Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): Another war with Russia, the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, began.
1878	March 3	Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Treaty of San Stefano recognized Romanian and Serbian independence, as well as the establishment of an autonomous Bulgarian principality under nominal Ottoman protection. Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia by default.
	June 4	Cyprus was occupied by Britain.
1881		Tunisia became a French colony.
1882		Egypt went under British protection.
1885	September 6	The province of Eastern Rumelia was transferred to Bulgarian jurisdiction.

[edit] Dissolution (1908–1923)

Year	Date	Event
1908		Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia by mere declaration.
	October 5	Bulgaria obtained full independence.
1912		The Ottomans were easily defeated by Italy in a short war, with the Italians gaining Libya and ending the 340-year Ottoman presence in North Africa.
	November 28	First Balkan War: Albania declared independence
1913	May 17	First Balkan War: The Ottoman Empire was nearly wiped out from Europe, save for Istanbul and just enough land around to defend it.
1914	August 2	The Empire entered into World War I on the side of the Central Powers. Cyprus was annexed outright by Britain.

[edit] See also

• List of Ottoman sieges and landings